The present study examines the lack of representation of minority communities in the existing literature by examining the representation of Afro-Latinxs in texts and visuals in seven Spanish as a Heritage Language (SHL) textbooks, and the ideologies behind these representations. Drawing upon Norman Fairclough's (1995) model for conducting Critical…

Clinical Question: Would Spanish-speaking ELL students who struggle to learn to write (P) benefit more from a writing intervention that addresses cognitive (executive function) and social well-being (motivation, peer inclusion) (I), or writing intervention strategies that address written language text macrostructure or microstructure only (C), as…

This article explores the issue of the psychological reality of null expletives, i.e., the silent counterparts of the so-called dummy subjects such as English "it" and "there". Following Jackendoff's (1997; 2002) notion of "defective" lexical item, I define null expletives as extremely "defective" words with syntactic properties but no semantic or…

A discussion of second language (L2) pronunciation looks at the ways in which native-like pronunciation can be defined. It addresses, through review of relevant literature and more detailed examination of a study by the author, these issues: how to identify native-like pronunciation; how to measure pronunciation in comparison with native speakers'…

The field of Spanish language instruction for bilingual Chicanos has been an area of pedagogical neglect within most college and university language departments. In the past, teachers wishing to implement a significant modification in their approach and methodology found the task virtually impossible because of a scarcity of commercially prepared…