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Direct linkSuzuki, Wataru, Ed.; Storch, Neomy, Ed. – Language Learning & Language Teaching, 2020
This book is the first to bring together a collection of recent empirical studies investigating languaging, an important construct first introduced by Swain in 2006 but which has since been deployed in a growing number of L2 studies. The contributing authors include both established and emerging authors from around the globe. They report on…
Descriptors: Second Language Learning, Second Language Instruction, Oral Language, Written Language
Download full textCarlisle, Robert S. – Issues and Developments in English and Applied Linguistics (IDEAL), 1988
A study investigated whether markedness relationships within a target language influence the degree of difficulty in acquisition. The Intralingual Markedness Hypothesis was developed, stating that if structures in the target language differ from those in the native language, and if those structures in the target language are in a markedness…
Descriptors: Adults, English (Second Language), Interlanguage, Language Research
Carlson, Sybil B.; And Others – 1985
Four writing samples were obtained from 638 foreign college applicants who represented three major foreign language groups (Arabic, Chinese, and Spanish), and from 60 native English speakers. All four were scored holistically, two were also scored for sentence-level and discourse-level skills, and some were scored by the Writer's Workbench…
Descriptors: Arabic, Chinese, College Entrance Examinations, Computer Software
