In two experiments, the effects of modeling on multiple seriation and multiple classification skills in preschool children were examined. In the first study, children observed models who demonstrated either multidimensional grouping or ordering. In the second, children received only single classification training on the basis of form, color, or…

A socialization model of coping with community violence was tested in 101 African American adolescents (55% male, ages 9-13) and their maternal caregivers living in high-violence areas of a mid-sized, southeastern city. Participants completed interviews assessing caregiver coping, family context, and child adjustment. Caregiver-child dyads also…

This article offers an example of how teachers may successfully use a process for addressing problem behaviors in the classroom. The process includes (1) framing critical questions, (2) collecting relevant data, (3) taking well-researched actions, and (4) reflecting on the impact of these actions. Guided by these steps, the inappropriate comments…

Survival analysis computes functions for occurrence or non-occurrence of an event over a time period for a particular group of subjects. This study compared survival analyses to traditional ANOVAs and Chi-square analyses on a data set of imitation scores of 18-month-old toddlers. The 48 subjects were randomly assigned to two experimental…

A strategy for preventing drug abuse by children and adolescents is socializing them into social competencies necessary for psychological health and responsible decision making. This is achieved through direct learning, identification based on admiration for superior competence, and adoption of social roles within meaningful relationships with…

This research project, designed to examine social learning in infancy, attempted to examine the process of infant interaction through its beginning, middle, and end. Pairs of previously unacquainted 21-month-old children were observed in a laboratory playroom for 15-minute sessions on three consecutive days; on the fourth day, new dyads were…

Examination of each family member's influence in the realm of sport activity in children revealed that only the father served as a significant influence, especially in the case of boys. (JD)

Examined effects of client elaboration of imagery during covert modeling treatment and effects of treatment of unassertiveness on self-efficacy. Covert modeling plus elaboration achieved greater change than other covert modeling groups. Treatment effects brought clients within range of subjects regarding themselves as adept in social situations…

Cubberley Conference at Stanford University was first major attempt to propose application of behavioral principles to counseling process. Evolution of one of these strategies, social modeling, and how this strategy fostered development of more specific observational learning techniques, such as self-observation and self-modeling, are discussed.…

Outlines a dual model of cognitive development in which patterns of cultural stimulation are reconstructed in the child's cognition. It provides a mathematical language for the representation of structures in sensorimotor actions and verbal explanations as they occur in the context of the everyday life of the child. (Author/RH)

This investigation studied the influences of television's behavioral models on institutionalized, emotionally disturbed children between the ages of 6 and 11. Investigated were children's perceptions and judgments of right and wrong, appropriate and inappropriate behaviors. (SE)

Compared a hypnotic induction procedure based on social learning principles (skill induction) with a traditional eye-fixation/relaxation trance induction, a placebo, and a control. Results suggested that hypnotic responses are elicited by expectancy and that induction procedures are a means of increasing subjects' expectancies for hypnotic…

The ways in which values are learned in youth sport activities are discussed and the development of positive attitudes and behaviors are examined. Values are learned through modeling or imitating behavior. Three types of reinforcement can furnish incentives to achieve desired behaviors. (JN)

This paper focuses on the problems of youth at risk of not successfully making the transition to adulthood. It examines the concept of mentoring and discusses several existing and successful mentoring programs. It looks at mentoring as it relates to young people--teenagers, young adults, and also some "pre-teens." Chapter 1 presents an overview of…

Suggests that violent activities occur not because of reduced self-control, but because cognitive skills and self-control are used through moral justifications and self-exonerative devices in the service of destructive causes. Threats to human welfare are generally brought about by deliberate acts of principle rather than by unrestrained acts of…