Structural and historical theories of peasant rebellions are evaluated against large-scale rebellions which occurred throughout the Russian Empire in 1905-07. The analysis corroborates the propositions of historical theory. Peasants rebel because of threats to their access to an economic subsistence. (Author/AM)

Contends that there have been three stages or eras of social science: the philosophic, the scientific, and the as yet unnamed present era. Maintains that the three eras match, in chronological development, the successive periods of Marxian thought and the three different views of utopia offered by Thomas More, Friedrich Engels, and Karl Mannheim.…

In De la Division du Travail Social, Durkheim's causal explanation for secular increases in the division of labor and the differentiation of social structure is flawed. His metatheoretical concerns expressed in the critique of utilitarian social theory flawed his contributions to a causal explanation of social differentiation. (Author/AM)

Reviews causes of current despair within the field of sociology. Maintains that further creative, theoretical work is likely to happen in such areas as the micro-macro connection, an integrated theory of organizations, networks and markets, and sex and gender. Advocates increased efforts to relate empirical research and small-scale theories to the…

Describes paths in research and theory development which will reconstitute the relevance of each for the other and sociology for society. Maintains that a theory of purposive action for individuals must be the foundation for macrosocial theory. (JDH)

An analysis of primary and secondary sources identifies five basic properties of professional ethics codes. The author's own theory, which is related directly to intra- and extraprofessional statuses, is added to the two traditional theories (functional and monopoly) which explain these properties. Professional ethics in America since 1900 are…

Comparing human ecological and Marxist approaches discloses numerous parallels and significant differences. Both take a holistic approach and emphasize technology, but ecological theory emphasizes the openness of systems. Gaps in ecological theory are revealed, and some research problems to close the gaps in theory are presented. (Author/IS)

Examines how men and women use power under conditions of structural power imbalance. Compares predictions made by three theoretical perspectives: socialization, structural, and expectation states. Results showed that sex of the more powerful person did not affect power use. (Author/JDH)

Contrary to Marxist theory, commitments to traditional cultural values and immediate communal relations are crucial to many radical movements. Radical mobilization occurs when people have something to defend, have some social strength, and confront social transformations which threaten to take everything from them. (Author/KC)

Examines delinquents' friendships and the ways in which they differ from those of more conforming adolescents on a sample of 942 youths between 12 and 19 years of age living in a large north central city. Concludes that current explanations of the relationship between friendship and delinquency are inadequate. (JDH)

Using data from 1,468 residents of small, medium, and large cities, this study investigates a subcultural theory explanation of the relationship between the existence of varied social attitudes and city population size. Results confirm a positive relationship which is explained through the subcultural processes of diffusion, intensification, and…

One of the few facts agreed on in criminology is that most crimes are committed by younger persons. However, the age distribution of criminals is sufficiently invariant across a broad range of social conditions that one cannot use age distribution as a foundation for theories of crime. (Author/IS)

Tests several hypotheses derived from the Guttentag-Secord theory which relates societal-level sex ratios to women's status and roles. Finds that the effects of sex ratio on women's roles are more pronounced in developed countries but that correlations between sex ratio and certain dimensions of women's roles provide little support for the theory.…

This article examines the effects of racial change in adjoining community areas on local delinquency rates. Evidence is presented that external contingencies have a significant effect on local rates of delinquency. (Author/JDH)

This study explores the relationship between economic events which occurred during the 1970s and 1980s and the development of a proletarian class structure in the United States. Contrary to theoretical expectations, the data show a decisive acceleration in the growth of the managerial class. Internationalization of business and technological and…