Fifty years ago, the Reverend Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. wrote his "Letter from a Birmingham Jail." In exploring the story of the events behind the essay, and the Supreme Court case that resulted, "Walker v. Birmingham", 399 U.S. 307 (1967), educators will find a pedagogically powerful lens through which to review the seminal…

In this article, the authors offer social studies educators a way to deepen students' understanding of civil disobedience as a democratic and nonviolent means of instigating social change. The authors explore the concept of civil disobedience from a historical perspective and examine the justifications and ramifications of each historical example.…

Few scholars have achieved the level of recognition and respect among the wider public as Howard Zinn. This should not come as a surprise, given the "unconventional" ways that Zinn embodied and enacted his scholarship. He often took his teaching and writing into those seemingly restricted spaces of popular protest, converting words into…

Reports on the story of Daniel Shays' sale of a sword given to him by General Lafayette. The story was used by Shays' contemporaries as a means of attacking the rebellion. Notes that while Shay died a poor and homeless man, we remember and honor him for devotion to principle and the responsibility he showed toward his neighbors. (JDH)

Civil disobedience, the type of lawlessness characterized by an appeal to natural law, natural right, or conscience, should be the subject of special study and incorporated into our course, wherever relevant, with a view to analyzing its nature and implications. (Author/JB)

See TE 499 864, above.

Recounts the political, economic, social, and governmental situations surrounding Shays' Rebellion, the 1786 farmer's uprising in Massachusetts which, among other things, demonstrated the need for a stronger federal government. Concludes with contemporary analogies and the statement that, in a free society, the conflict between the legitimate…

Reports on the work of Amherst College historian Robert A. Gross, a leading expert on the topic of Shays' Rebellion. Includes a collection of insights Dr. Gross has developed concerning the rebellion's meaning and its impact on the United States Constitution. (JDH)

This theme issue looks at three historical and recent instances of civil disobedience. The first article examines the Free Speech Movement, which arose on the Berkeley campus of the University of California in the 1960s. The second article recounts the struggle of Mahatma Gandhi to free India from the British Empire. The final article explores the…

See TE 499 864, above.

This unit is intended for secondary students in American literature, Asian history, U.S. history, or a world cultures class. Special emphasis is placed on the literary contributions of four individuals: Henry David Thoreau, Mahatma Gandhi, Martin Luther King, Jr., and the Dalai Lama. The sections appear in chronological order and contain…

Presents a five-lesson, high school instructional unit on the ideas and activities of Henry David Thoreau and Martin Luther King, Jr. Includes student objectives, step-by-step instructional procedures, and discussion questions. Provides quotations by Thoreau and King. (CFR)

This theme issue on the freedom of assembly includes three sections: (1) "World History: Wat Tyler's Rebellion," a glimpse into the English past that provides a valuable perspective for understanding the turbulent origins of the right of U.S. citizens to assemble; (2) "U.S. History: William Lloyd Garrison and the Boston Mob,"…

Designed for a K-12 curriculum, this curriculum guide provides 18 lessons on the causes, effects, and resolution of violence and disruption. The series of lessons are divided into three categories of six lessons written for kindergarten through grade 4, grades 5 through 9, and grades 9 through 12. Each lesson includes educational objectives,…

This social studies unit invites students to consider the philosophical bases of civil disobedience as well as the practical consequences and limits of the use of law-breaking as a means of social protest. The first three sections of the unit focus on the abolitionists' civil disobedience in antebellum America, presenting brief accounts of mob…