Aims of conceptual clarity of scope and aims of social studies by offering a definition of social studies as a way of organizing, selecting and teaching content related to citizenship, and by describing the three competing traditions within the social studies. A related article is SO 500 189. (JB)

Describes the Botswana experience with social studies, dividing the discussion into three historical periods. Discusses the aims of education in Botswana as being the promotion of democratic principles, national development, self reliance, and social harmony. Maintains that social studies is crucial to citizenship education and nation building.…

Contends that student alienation cannot be solved by improved instructional methodology or curriculum content reform. Argues that the citizenship education goals of social studies cannot be taught effectively because societal values do not support schools or teachers. Provides five suggestions on policies that might address these issues. (CFR)