Objective: Examine 1) whether observed social reinforcements (i.e., "likes") received by peers' alcohol-related social media posts are related to first-year college students' perceptions of peer approval for risky drinking behaviors; and 2) whether associations are moderated by students' alcohol use status. Participants: First-year…

Background: The prevalence, phenomenology aetiology and correlates of four forms of challenging behaviour in 32 children and adults with Smith-Magenis syndrome (SMS) were investigated. Methods: Cognitive assessments, questionnaires and semi-structured interviews were used to gather data on intellectual disability, verbal and physical aggression,…

The authors present a model of interactive social psychological and relational feedback processes leading to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) risk reduction behavior change among active drug users trained as Peer Health Advocates (PHAs). The model is supported by data from qualitative interviews with PHAs and members of their drug-using networks…

Disability labels and other social categories in school arise out of an educational system which attributes learning problems, perceived weaknesses, and academic failure to individual students. Instead, this dissertation investigates how learning problems are produced and reinforced through cultural practices. Through a two-year, cross-context…

Two studies investigated the hypothesis that noncontingent interviewer "mm-hmms" facilitate interviewee verbal productivity. Within- and between-subjects comparisons failed to support the hypothesis, although interviewees' ratings indicate that the mm-hmms were perceived as the social reinforcers they were intended to be. (Author)

The validity of the scales, based on an interaction model that rates the client response and the counselor behavior, was assessed by using interviews from two counselors, one trained to offer reinforcing counseling and the other trained to offer persuasive counseling. The mean rating for the two counselors on each scale was statistically…

While the epidemiologic trends concerning alprazolam (Xanax[R]) are unknown, the use of benzodiazepines, in general, has increased in popularity among youth within recent years. To shed light on the drug problem, the current pilot study used a qualitative approach to investigate relevant beliefs, norms, and perceived addiction associated with…

The study investigated the developmental effects of social reinforcement on the interview behavior of 58 mildly intellectually handicapped children (mean age 11.8 years). Findings indicated a feedback rather than a reward model explained the effects of social reinforcement on eye contact. No evidence was found for significant variations in eye…

A guide for future research was developed for professional socialization processes, focusing on graduate education, aspects of career development, disciplinary and departmental ideology, and relationships between socializer and socialee (or faculty or graduate student). The analysis centers around the hypothesis that social distance between a…

Reviews an ethnographic study of female students in full-time secretarial courses in a college of non-advanced further education (NAFE) in England. The study explores the role of schooling in the transmission and maintenance of social inequalities and finds that classroom life encourages student conformity. (AF)

Four experiments were designed to identify socioeconomic differences in preschool locus of control, develop a measurement technique for differentiating between internal and external locus of control in preschoolers, and study the effect of four kinds of preschool programs on locus of control. During the first experiment, the Stephens-Delys…

This study inquired into the relationships between (1) the role school plays in preparing children for adult life and the attitudes of children, teachers, and parents toward schooling; (2) the school curriculum and children's out-of-school experiences; and (3) curriculum content and Western influences on teaching styles. This study is a followup…