Findings from recent epidemiological investigations indicate that substance use in rural America has increased to the point where it nearly equals, if not exceeds, the rates found in suburban and urban areas. Although previous research has examined factors that have influenced use patterns, little attention has been devoted to the social and…

This model starts with the assumption that a drinking problem is a family problem. Alcoholism is seen as a complex, progressive illness dangerous not only to the individual drinker but also to his family, friends, and society as a whole. Early intervention is seen as important in dealing with the problem. Early warning signs and symptoms are set…

Demonstrates how concepts derived from General Systems Theory can be used to understand and treat families living in impoverished, isolated rural communities in the South. Suggests interventions frequently need to be directed at the community system as a whole if community rules are to be modified for second-order change. (Author)