By tracing the concept of rape as it has been defined by man in the earliest laws, it is evident that the criminal act was viewed with horror, and the deadly punishments that were seen fit to apply had little to do with an actual act of sexual violence that a woman might sustain. The past records indicate a gradual decrease in the prosecution rate…

This paper analyzes the textual data produced by both the participants and the interpreter in George W. Henry's two-volume monograph, "Sex Variants" (1941), a study of homosexuality based on a sample of 80 socially well-adjusted homosexuals from New York City's lesbian and gay community. It is stated that the Henry volumes provide a rich…

Maintains that oral history has the ability to fill in missing emotions and other affective components of labor history. Special attention is devoted to the labor history of Hawaii. (JDH)

This history of the ethnic classification used in various Central American countries provides conceptual and historical background for understanding current systems of classification. It includes tables showing the ethnic composition of Central America during the colonial regime. (JDH)

Reviews the history of the establishment of the concept of race. Traces the origins to the work of 17th- and 18th-century writers. Concludes that the notion of race became popular because it was associated with national identity and emerging ideas regarding evolution. (JDH)

Stresses the importance of including the history and role of organized labor in the United States as part of the regular school curriculum and describes reemerging interest in labor studies in American elementary and secondary schools. (GC)

Examines the ethical role of the juvenile probabtion officer regarding the adolescent sex offender. Demonstrates the need for role consonant treatment models. Explores the applicability of the proffered model to other offender populations and stresses the appropriate role of the juvenile probation officer. Examines appropriate assessment of…

The annual meeting of the American Historical Association is reported, including the "history in crisis" vs "history being revitalized" debate. In the 1960s, a younger generation of scholars pioneered the "new social history"; in the 1980s, political divisions have contributed to the debate. (MLW)

Racialized science seeks to explain human population differences in health, intelligence, education, and wealth as the consequence of immutable, biologically based differences between "racial" groups. Recent advances in the sequencing of the human genome and in an understanding of biological correlates of behavior have fueled racialized science,…

Discusses communication in history, the theme for National History Day in 1993. Presents a list of approaches to the theme that could be taken as topics for study. Includes informational media, rhetoric and social change, transmission of cultural values, technology, and miscommunication. Contains a bibliography for each topic. (DK)

A historical tendency to exclude Blacks and other ethnic groups such as the Cajuns from the study of Southern history is changing, but some historians warn against distorting the past and its distinction between cultures. (MSE)

Reviews the role and the accomplishments of the United States Department of Labor in its 75 years of existence. Describes the department's establishment during an era of heavy union activity. Discusses changes in demographics of the labor force, conditions and standards, the work experience, and job placement. (CH)

Reviews classical economists' views on the issue of public debt. Notes that from antiquity to modern times, it has always been rare for a state not to be in debt. Includes an examination of a state's repudiation of its debt and the impact such an action might have on its international relations. (JDH)

Presents a brief history of relations between Blacks and Whites in South Africa. Focuses special attention on the establishment of "bantustans" (Black homelands) and other measures designed to exert complete political control over indigenous Black ethnic groups. (JDH)

Describes how infant formula became an "icon of modernity" separating mothers from babies and causing health and social problems. Gives a 300-year social history of the rise in popularity of infant formula, covering aspects including the body as machine, rise of science and industrialization, formula and public health, the clean milk…