In the present study an attempt was made to apply the concept of equity' to the interaction between a representative and his (one person) constituency in a distribution of resources task. (Authors)

To clarify "power" and "authority," the authors review the concepts' history, examine contemporary concepts of social control, identify four authority modes (based on social relations and controls), derive four power resources from these modes, discuss persuasion and exchange as social control mechanisms, and demarcate…

Presents an expectancy model of coalition membership addressing inducements, contributions, and exchange in coalitions. Discusses how concepts and considerations both addressed and ignored in past work are accommodated by the model. Gives a number of practical implications of the model by focusing on interventions into client systems. (Author/RC)

Causes of evaluator bias are: overemphasizing concrete, salient, and retrievable information; reporting only evidence which confirms hypothesis; focusing on stable personality factors, rather than on situation and environment; developing positive perceptions of a program as both an evaluator and a highly involved participant; statistical naivete;…

Explored perceptions of 31 old-old adults regarding exchanges in their social relationships. Qualitative methodology identified six cognitive mechanisms used to assess equity in social exchanges. Their use appeared associated with both beneficial and detrimental subjective reactions. Findings suggest that cognitive mechanisms are important focus…

Leader-member exchange (LMX) generally refers to the leadership process centered on the interactions between leaders and direct reports. The basic premise of high quality leader-member exchange relationships holds that direct reports gain tremendous benefits through these partnerships. LMX is perhaps the most commonly researched theory of…

SELF-REPORTS OF INTERACTION AMONG 100 GRADUATE STUDENTS IN TWO SECTIONS OF A FIVE-WEEK SUMMER SESSION COURSE IN ELEMENTARY STATISTICS WERE ANALYZED IN AN ATTEMPT TO INCREASE UNDERSTANDING OF SOCIAL ASSOCIATION AMONG HIGHLY SPECIALIZED PERSONS. SUMMARIES WERE COMPILED FOR 1203 INSTANCES OF INTERACTION--408 OF MUTUAL STUDY-HELP, 388 OF HELP GIVEN TO…

THE OBJECTIVES OF THIS STUDY WERE TO EXAMINE THE EXCHANGE PROCESSES PREDICTING DIFFERENTIAL ALLOCATIONS OF EFFORT AMONG STUDENTS' COURSES, AND TO EXPLAIN THE RELATIONSHIPS DISCOVERED. THE INVESTIGATORS BELIEVE THAT THE FOUR EXCHANGE SYSTEMS RELEVANT TO THE EFFORT-ALLOCATIONS OF STUDENTS ARE--(1) PROFESSOR-STUDENT, (2) COURSE-STUDENT, (3)…

Three variables, derived from Blau's (1955) analysis of consultation networks among federal agents and Homans' (1961) social exchange analysis, were manipulated to observe their effects on help seeking. Subjects were presented with a hypothetical situation where help was needed. Subjects indicated that they would be more likely to seek help from a…

In association with an extensive examination of the disclosure literature, this paper describes two laboratory studies designed to yield information regarding the effects of reinforcement on self-disclosing behaviors in an exchange process. In one series, the experimenters manipulated the patterns of personal reward/cost experiences, hypothesizing…

To say that community control is democratic means that such control is consistent with the ideas of the democratic tradition. Even so, participation is hampered by the "natural" apathy of people. But the fact of apathy has too little research as to its causes to be well understood; perhaps, apathy is a rational response to a society which…

SOCIAL EXCHANGE THEORY IS POSITED AS A MEANS FOR ANALYZING THE PROFESSORSHIP IN EDUCATIONAL ADMINISTRATION AS PART OF A COMPLEX SYSTEM OF PATTERNED RELATIONSHIPS AND INTERACTIONS WITH SCHOOLMEN, STUDENTS, AND OTHER PROFESSORS. CHANGES BOTH IN THE ORGANIZATION AND ADMINISTRATION OF SCHOOLS AND IN THE CONCEPT OF THE PROFESSOR OF EDUCATIONAL…

The social and educational theories of Basil Bernstein are examined. (JD)

Tested the usefulness of Lewis's and Spanier's theory of marital quality and marital stability for the prediction of divorce adjustment, in a study of 216 recently divorced persons. The quality of the marriage, external pressure to remain married, and level of alternative attractions were all useful predictors. (JAC)

Through the use of stories of people who are successful at performing acts of good will as a profession, this book presents the realties of helping others. The intent is to help the beginning learner cope with and offer support to their commitment to serve others. It can be used as a text in undergraduate and graduate curriculum in counseling and…