Explores marriages in which marriage and family life are organized around the wife's job or career rather than the husband's (N=46). Found three predictive social conditions: wives having traditionally male jobs, flexibility of husbands' jobs, and absence of children. Describes techniques of deviance neutralization used to minimize costs. (JAC)

Studied the aging process and the mechanisms used by the elderly to cope with age in rural Ireland. Reciprocity is identified as one of the major strategies that reinforce independence, manifested in the stem family, sibling relations, pets, neighbors, parental caretakers, financial resources, and family configurations. (JAC)

Tested the utility of an exchange model for predicting divorce or withdrawal of divorce petitions, using court records and interviews of men and women who were divorced or subsequently withdrew their divorce petitions. Discriminant function analyses indicated that an exchange model can predict divorce versus petition withdrawal. (JAC)

Author examines the social foundations of McLuhan's concepts and analyses how McLuhan expanded social theory. (HB)

He discusses the development of a pattern-variable scheme as a theoretical framwork for the analysis of social systems, social action in general, personalities, and of cultural systems. His primary intellectual role models are: Weber, Durkheim, and Freud. (SE)

Explicit marital negotiation is analyzed in terms of a three-stage model. Disparity between partners in possession of context variables influences bargaining strategies. The point is made that current negotiations have inevitably been influenced by prior bargaining and outcomes, and that current negotiations and outcomes provide the context for…

Examines ritual and ceremonial behavior in organizations' social life, suggesting how administration can be conceptualized systematically in ritual terms. Proposes a cultural-studies, interpretive approach to organizational structure, functions, and behavior as ritual systems. Cultural perspectives reveal organizational heterogeneity, identify…

Analyzed relationships in traditional and caregiving homesharing arrangements. Respondents in both arrangements expressed satisfaction with basic money and service exchanges. For traditional arrangements, client satisfaction was related to lifestyle fit, social interaction desired and received, and lodger access in provider's home. In caregiving…

"Alabama Education News" is published monthly except for June, July, and December by the Alabama Department of Education. This publication, authorized by Section 16-2-4 of the "Code of Alabama", as recompiled in 1975, is a public service of the Alabama Department of Education designed to inform citizens and educators about…

Performance variables were manipulated to elicit differential outcomes of success and failure for dyad members in an attempt to investigate resultant bargaining and distribution of rewards. Seventy, 10-12-year old children (36 female, 34 males) were placed into dyads controlling for age, sex, I.Q., and friendship choices. Self-allocations were…

A theory of the role of exchange in interpersonal relationships such as marriage and friendship was proposed. Perceived exchange equity is almost impossible to attain in marriage because of greater sensitivity to self than to others. It was hypothesized that exchange-orientation is inimical to marriage adjustment, with exchange-exchange couples…

Differences in reciprocal social relations related to low, moderate, and high quantities of television viewing were examined in this study of 58 girls and 61 boys (ages three to five years) enrolled in child development programs. Children who viewed moderate amounts of television scored significantly higher than their peers. (Author/CH)

The family ideology of black Americans is compared with actual family arrangements and lifestyles. Exchange theory is used to explain the conflict between family ideology and structural conditions: in general, black women fail to marry or remain married when the costs outweight the benefits of such an arrangement. (Author/BL)

Examined beliefs regarding resource distribution in marriage. Subjects (N=114) were presented a description of a marital relationship with equity, inequity, and projected equity conditions. Results confirmed that individuals feel equity should be present in marriage and are influenced by the gender of the partner in the most advantageous position.…