Access to higher education in Poland is changing due to the demography of smaller cohorts of potential students. Following a demand-driven educational expansion after the collapse of communism in 1989, the higher education system is now contracting. Such expansion/contraction and growth/decline in European higher education has rarely been…

In the Polish Peoples Republic, all citizens have become fully equalized in terms of political and social rights, but there are still both external and internal barriers to female emancipation, particularly in the country. While women, in general, find it difficult to juggle their increasing roles, women living in the country have additional…