This is a review of the literature that focuses on the gap in the available scholarly inquiry into Black females' participation in Career and Technical Education and their underrepresentation in non-traditional, high-paying career clusters, and those Science, Technology, Engineering, and Math (STEM) fields broadly. Through an initial review of the…

Gender and gender identity are policed by the social environment in myriad ways. For those who challenge normative binaries, they can be positioned to experience different forms of violence. Though mindsets, social movements, and changes in policies have spurred material, social, and economic gains for those who challenge expectations of gender…

This literature review presents insights from existing research on how teachers view their role in creating safe schools for lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer/questioning, and intersex (LGBTQI) students. Analysis of the literature shows that there are concerns for LGBTQI students' safety in schools, that educational settings operate from…

In the wake of institutionalized homophobia afflicting public schools, the nation faces a unique opportunity to acknowledge and transform the assumption that all people are or should be heterosexual and gender-conforming. In this article, the author examines how people, as a nation, can reform schools to be more inclusive of diverse student…

This research examines the phenomenon of sexist naming of women's athletic teams at four-year colleges and universities in the southern United States. Drawing on theoretical and methodological insights from feminist scholarship on gender and sports, gendered language, and intersecting systems of race and gender inequalities, the author analyzes…

In 2006, the George W. Bush Administration issued new Title IX regulations that allow for sex-segregated classrooms and schools in public, non-vocational elementary and secondary schools. These regulations provide schools with another condition that allows them to provide sex-segregated programs as long as they meet an "important governmental…

Comments submitted by organizations and individuals to the Department of Health, Education and Welfare on the proposed regulations to implement Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972 revealed that groups representing women, teachers, students, and civil rights commissions substantially differ on sex discrimination issues from education…

This paper examines the implications of the 1972 Title IX Education Amendments and the 1997 U.S. Supreme Court Cohen v Brown University decision on gender equity in athletics in higher education. It argues against the widely held belief in higher education that in the process of implementing social reforms such as Title IX, which broadly prohibits…

Three factors are contributing to the redefinition of sex roles: (1) the equal education mandates of Title IX; (2) growing recognition of the need for female role models; and (3) the reconceptualization of androgyny and transcendence in scholarly research. Physical activity programs are one of the socialization agents that can aid in the process.…

This 2-day workshop package was developed to address the needs of members of community groups, parents, and other persons not employed by school systems with regard to Title IX and sex equity. The role of the community in reinforcing sex fairness and eliminating sex bias in teacher education curricula and in the classroom is the focus of this…

The regulation to implement Title IX became effective July 21, 1975. It establishes criteria to which education institutions or agencies receiving federal funds must adhere in eliminating sex discrimination from their education programs and their employment policies and practices. This handbook describes the five general requirements that must be…

The implementing regulation for Title IX of the 1972 Education Amendments establishes detailed criteria for identifying and eliminating sex discrimination in education programs and activities. This document focuses briefly on answers to some of the questions that have arisen around the implementation. The purpose of Title IX is to prohibit sex…