The Process Analysis of Non-Grading (PANG) project was initiated from experiences in a small school pilot study of a nongraded school system in Sweden. This small school suggested a nongraded upper comprehensive school (pupil age 14-16 years). Since 1972 the PANG project has successfully worked out a nongraded system at the secondary level in four…

Swedish non-graded small junior high schools are described and specific related problems in curriculum and staffing of rural schools are addressed in terms of policy, practice, and theory. Implications are suggested for curriculum and staffing: (1) curriculum goals and objectives cannot be treated as isolated school phenomena (they have relation…

This position paper focuses on issues related to equal education in small, rural schools in Sweden. Specifically, the report analyzes national statistics, reports from the National Agency for Education, and other research regarding the status of education in Sweden. Data indicate that for the 1994-95 school year, two-thirds of the schools in…

The Process Analysis of Non-Grading (PANG) project began as a project for evaluating experiments with non-graded education in Stollet in the province of Varmland in western Sweden. Since then the project-work and design has been further developed and now also includes studying the school in its social environment. The project's main objective is…