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Philipp Musfeld; Alessandra S. Souza; Klaus Oberauer – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2024
One of the best-known demonstrations of long-term learning through repetition is the Hebb effect: Immediate recall of a memory list repeated amidst nonrepeated lists improves steadily with repetitions. However, previous studies often failed to observe this effect for visuospatial arrays. Souza and Oberauer (2022) showed that the strongest…
Descriptors: Short Term Memory, Long Term Memory, Testing, Expectation
Matthew R. Dougherty; David Halpern; Michael J. Kahana – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2023
Although possible to recall in both forward and backward order, recall proceeds most naturally in the order of encoding. Prior studies ask whether and how forward and backward recall differ. We reexamine this classic question by studying recall dynamics while varying the predictability and timing of forward and backward cues. Although overall…
Descriptors: Recall (Psychology), Serial Ordering, Short Term Memory, Prediction
Benjamin Kowialiewski; Steve Majerus; Klaus Oberauer – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2024
Recall performance in working memory (WM) is strongly affected by the similarity between items. When asked to encode and recall list of items in their serial order, people confuse more often the position of similar compared to dissimilar items. Models of WM explain this deleterious effect of similarity through a problem of discriminability between…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Serial Ordering, Associative Learning, Cognitive Processes
Claudia Araya; Klaus Oberauer; Satoru Saito – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2024
The Hebb repetition effect shows improvement in serial recall of repeated lists compared to random nonrepeated lists. Previous research using simple span tasks found that the Hebb repetition effect is limited to constant uninterrupted lists, suggesting chunking as the mechanism of list learning. However, the Hebb repetition effect has been found…
Descriptors: Short Term Memory, Long Term Memory, Repetition, Recall (Psychology)
Attout, Lucie; Monnier, Catherine – Developmental Psychology, 2023
The use of a verbal rehearsal strategy (repeating the items to be remembered to oneself in serial order) has been identified as a key factor in explaining working memory (WM) development. However, the debate remains open with regard to the age at which children are able to use it, and the actual benefits of using such a strategy. Numerous…
Descriptors: Short Term Memory, Mnemonics, Serial Ordering, Elementary School Students
Klaus Oberauer; Hsuan-Yu Lin – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2024
Research on working memory (WM) has followed two largely independent traditions: One concerned with memory for sequentially presented lists of discrete items, and the other with short-term maintenance of simultaneously presented arrays of objects with simple, continuously varying features. Here we present a formal model of WM, the interference…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, College Students, Short Term Memory, Visual Learning
Saint-Aubin, Jean; Poirier, Marie; Yearsley, James M.; Robichaud, Jean-Michel; Guitard, Dominic – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2023
When remembering over the short-term, long-term knowledge has a large effect on the number of correctly recalled items and little impact on memory for order. This is true, for example, when the effects of semantic category are examined. Contrary to what these findings suggest, Poirier et al. in 2015 proposed that memory for order relies on the…
Descriptors: Short Term Memory, Models, Cues, Serial Ordering
Cowan, Nelson; Elliott, Emily M. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2023
We used the timing of serial recall in several situations to reveal important aspects of recall groupings that participants construct and the reasons those groupings occur. We examined the timing of responses in the recall of digit strings within two published experiments. Cowan, Saults, Elliott, and Moreno (2002) examined memory for nine-item…
Descriptors: Serial Ordering, Recall (Psychology), Reaction Time, Short Term Memory
AuBuchon, Angela M.; Elliott, Emily M.; Morey, Candice C.; Jarrold, Christopher; Cowan, Nelson; Adams, Eryn J.; Attwood, Meg; Bayram, Büsra; Blakstvedt, Taran Y.; Büttner, Gerhard; Castelain, Thomas; Cave, Shari; Crepaldi, Davide; Fredriksen, Eivor; Glass, Bret A.; Guitard, Dominic; Hoehl, Stefanie; Hosch, Alexis; Jeanneret, Stéphanie; Joseph, Tanya N.; Koch, Christopher; Lelonkiewicz, Jaroslaw R.; Meissner, Grace; Mendenhall, Whitney; Moreau, David; Ostermann, Thomas; Özdogru, Asil Ali; Padovani, Francesca; Poloczek, Sebastian; Röer, Jan Philipp; Schonberg, Christina; Tamnes, Christian K.; Tomasik, Martin J.; Valentini, Beatrice; Vergauwe, Evie; Vlach, Haley; Voracek, Martin – Journal of Cognition and Development, 2022
A recent Registered Replication Report (RRR) of the development of verbal rehearsal during serial recall revealed that children verbalized at younger ages than previously thought, but did not identify sources of individual differences. Here, we use mediation analysis to reanalyze data from the 934 children ranging from 5 to 10 years old from the…
Descriptors: Language Processing, Phonology, Serial Ordering, Recall (Psychology)
Majerus, Steve; Oberauer, Klaus – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2020
The processing of ordinally organized information is a characteristic of both serial-order working memory and numerical cognition. Serial positions of items presented within a list follow an ordinal organization when stored in working memory, whereas numbers are based on an ordinal structure stored in long-term memory. We tested the hypothesis…
Descriptors: Short Term Memory, Serial Ordering, Numeracy, Numbers
Xu, Chang; LeFevre, Jo-Anne; Di Lonardo Burr, Sabrina; Maloney, Erin A.; Wylie, Judith; Simms, Victoria; Skwarchuk, Sheri-Lynn; Osana, Helena P. – Journal of Numerical Cognition, 2023
Children's knowledge of the ordinal relations among number symbols is related to their mathematical learning. Ordinal knowledge has been measured using judgment (i.e., decide whether a sequence of three digits is in order) and ordering tasks (i.e., order three digits from smallest to largest). However, the question remains whether performance on…
Descriptors: Young Children, Numeracy, Number Concepts, Serial Ordering
Ginzburg, Jérémie; Moulin, Annie; Fornoni, Lesly; Talamini, Francesca; Tillmann, Barbara; Caclin, Anne – Developmental Science, 2022
Developmental aspects of auditory cognition were investigated in 5-to-10-year-old children (n = 100). Musical and verbal short-term memory (STM) were assessed by means of delayed matching-to-sample tasks (DMST) (comparison of two four-item sequences separated by a silent retention delay), with two levels of difficulty. For musical and verbal…
Descriptors: Auditory Perception, Children, Music, Verbal Ability
Bai, Honghong; Leseman, Paul P. M.; Moerbeek, Mirjam; Kroesbergen, Evelyn H.; Mulder, Hanna – Journal of Intelligence, 2021
This study examined the unfolding in real time of original ideas during divergent thinking (DT) in five- to six-year-olds and related individual differences in DT to executive functions (EFs). The Alternative Uses Task was administered with verbal prompts that encouraged children to report on their thinking processes while generating uses for…
Descriptors: Serial Ordering, Creative Thinking, Individual Differences, Executive Function
Kowialiewski, Benjamin; Gorin, Simon; Majerus, Steve – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2021
Long-term memory knowledge is considered to impact short-term maintenance of item information in working memory, as opposed to short-term maintenance of serial order information. Evidence supporting an impact of semantic knowledge on serial order maintenance remains weak. In the present study, we demonstrate that semantic knowledge can impact the…
Descriptors: Long Term Memory, Short Term Memory, Semantics, Serial Ordering
Berry, Ed D. J.; Allen, Richard J.; Mon-Williams, Mark; Waterman, Amanda H. – Cognitive Science, 2019
Research has shown that adults can engage in cognitive offloading, whereby internal processes are offloaded onto the environment to help task performance. Here, we investigate an application of this approach with children, in particular children with poor working memory. Participants were required to remember and recall sequences of colors by…
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, Difficulty Level, Children, Short Term Memory