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Linearity and Nonlinearity in HIV/STI Transmission: Implications for the Evaluation of Sexual Risk Reduction Interventions
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Pinkerton, Steven D.; Chesson, Harrell W.; Crosby, Richard A.; Layde, Peter M. – Evaluation Review, 2011
A mathematical model of HIV/sexually transmitted infections (STI) transmission was used to examine how linearity or nonlinearity in the relationship between the number of unprotected sex acts (or the number of sex partners) and the risk of acquiring HIV or a highly infectious STI (such as gonorrhea or chlamydia) affects the utility of sexual…
Descriptors: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS), Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Risk, Behavior Change
Seriously Mentally Ill Women's Safer Sex Behaviors and the Theory of Reasoned Action
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Randolph, Mary E.; Pinkerton, Steven D.; Somlai, Anton M.; Kelly, Jeffrey A.; McAuliffe, Timothy L.; Gibson, Richard H.; Hackl, Kristin – Health Education & Behavior, 2009
Seriously mentally ill women at risk for HIV infection (n = 96) participated in structured interviews assessing sexual and substance-use behavior over a 3-month period. The majority of the women (63.5%) did not use condoms. Consistent with the theory of reasoned action, attitudes toward condom use and perceived social norms about safer sex were…
Descriptors: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS), Disease Control, Females, Self Efficacy
Aggregate versus Individual-Level Sexual Behavior Assessment: How Much Detail Is Needed to Accurately Estimate HIV/STI Risk?
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Pinkerton, Steven D.; Galletly, Carol L.; McAuliffe, Timothy L.; DiFranceisco, Wayne; Raymond, H. Fisher; Chesson, Harrell W. – Evaluation Review, 2010
The sexual behaviors of HIV/sexually transmitted infection (STI) prevention intervention participants can be assessed on a partner-by-partner basis: in aggregate (i.e., total numbers of sex acts, collapsed across partners) or using a combination of these two methods (e.g., assessing five partners in detail and any remaining partners in aggregate).…
Descriptors: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS), Sexuality, Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Prevention
When Do Simpler Sexual Behavior Data Collection Techniques Suffice?: An Analysis of Consequent Uncertainty in HIV Acquisition Risk Estimates
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Pinkerton, Steven D.; Benotsch, Eric G.; Mikytuck, John – Evaluation Review, 2007
The "gold standard" for evaluating human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevention programs is a partner-by-partner sexual behavior assessment that elicits information about each sex partner and the activities engaged in with that partner. When collection of detailed partner-by-partner data is not feasible, aggregate data (e.g., total…
Descriptors: Prevention, Sexuality, Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Data Collection
An Alternative Model of the Reproductive Rate of HIV Infection: Formulation, Evaluation, and Implications for Risk Reduction Interventions.
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Pinkerton, Steven D.; Abramson, Paul R. – Evaluation Review, 1994
Estimates of the reproductive rate of infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), obtained through a Bernoulli process model, indicate that decreasing the infectivity of the virus, through the use of condoms, for example, is more effective at reducing the infection rate than is limiting the number of sexual partners. (SLD)
Descriptors: Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome, Communicable Diseases, Disease Control, Epidemiology
Evaluating the Risks: A Bernoulli Process Model of HIV Infection and Risk Reduction.
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Pinkerton, Steven D.; Abramson, Paul R. – Evaluation Review, 1993
A Bernoulli process model of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is used to evaluate infection risks associated with various sexual behaviors (condom use, abstinence, or monogamy). Results suggest that infection is best mitigated through measures that decrease infectivity, such as condom use. (SLD)
Descriptors: Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome, Condoms, Contraception, Disease Control
Toward a Standard Sexual Behavior Data Set for HIV Prevention Evaluation.
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Pinkerton, Steven D.; Holtgrave, David R.; Leviton, Laura C.; Wagstaff, David A.; Cecil, Heather; Abramson, Paul R. – American Journal of Health Behavior, 1998
There is a need for standardization in the behavioral outcome measures employed in HIV prevention research. This paper reviews the need for a minimum dataset and proposes a candidate dataset that would provide a link between reported sexual behavior and quantitative estimates of risk reduction, thereby facilitating cross-study comparison among…
Descriptors: Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome, Behavior Change, Evaluation Methods, Health Promotion
HIV Vaccines: A Magic Bullet in the Fight against AIDS?
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Pinkerton, Steven D.; Abramson, Paul R. – Evaluation Review, 1993
Biomedical, logistic, economic, social, and psychosocial issues related to the successful distribution and use of a vaccine for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are reviewed. A mathematical model is introduced as an aid in conceptualizing these issues. The HIV vaccine should be seen as an adjunct to behavioral modification. (SLD)
Descriptors: Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome, Behavior Modification, Contraception, Disease Control