Research on tokenism processes is reviewed and coalesces around two conclusions. First, gender constructs different social contexts for token women and for token men. Second, gender is most usefully conceptualized as a status variable, not something internal to the individual. Gender serves as a status marker such that women's subordinated status…

The only woman in the first graduating class of the world's first school of journalism at the University of Missouri, Mary Paxton Keeley was offered a position as a special reporter for the "Kansas City Post" in 1910. As was typical for female journalists at the time, most of Paxton's assignments during her 15 months with the…

The coordinator of the Women in Wisconsin Apprenticeships project, which challenged stereotypes of sex roles in the workplace, describes some of the aims, means, and results of the project. (AJ)

At an all-day workshop for 50 counselors from public schools and community colleges, researchers presented a 15-item attitudinal questionnaire regarding perspectives, characteristics, and conceptual information about women. The findings of this research are: (1) male counselors are either neutral or slightly positive in attitudes towards women…

The module described in this document is part of a series of instructional modules on sex-role stereotyping in education. This document (including all but the cassette tape) is the module that explores the myths and stereotypes that have limited women in the world of work. The material provides suggestions for helping students expand occupational…

A significant linguistic shift in the United States is occurring in planned change in the language of sex roles, especially with reference to sexism in employment vocabulary and to gender-based distinctions in occupational designations. Social policy on labor utilization has become increasingly involved in neutering employment vocabulary regarding…

This study addresses itself to two questions. The first is to ascertain what, if any, social background and attitudinal differences differentiate women making traditional from nontraditional occupational choices in the semi-skilled and blue-collar occupations. A second issue relates to the relative effectiveness of various kinds of training…

This paper investigates how well today's career materials represent women workers in illustrations. The specific populations reported on in this paper, from which two samples were selected, were: (1) the student materials (N=1091) listed in the Vocational Guidance Quarterly (VGC) "Current Career Literature" bibliographies from 1970…

Data collected from 94 British women enrolled in "Women in Technology," a course for women returning to the work force, focused on societal attitudes, childhood socialization patterns, and this group's attitudes towards interrupted careers. The women had all prepared originally for technical careers. (CH)

Describes the current status of women in the workplace, the internal and external variables that are related specifically to the career development of women, and several effective counseling strategies, programs, and resources that might be used in assisting women to overcome barriers in the career development process. (CT)

The article addresses the social problems inherent in changing sex roles, the dual-role (wage-earner and homemaker) concept, and implications for home economics teachers. An introduction, a transcribed graduate class discussion of the issues, and a collection of exercises and learning activities for the secondary classroom comprise the article.…

Given the salience of biological sex, it is not surprising that gender stereotypes are pervasive. To explore the prevalence of such stereotypes, the accuracy of gender stereotyping regarding occupations is presented in this paper. The paper opens with an overview of gender stereotype measures that use self-perceptions as benchmarks of accuracy,…

The author finds that women will reshape the corporate organization, if only because there will be more women working. He discusses how the basic structure of professions affects and limits women's participation, how the mentor-protege system works, and how style and attitudes toward roles differ between male and female executives. (CT)

Many women who seek to combine a demanding career and a family encounter a variety of problems and conflicts. The special problems of these women as well as research findings on effective coping strategies are reviewed. Implications of these findings for developing appropriate counseling interventions are discussed. (Author)

Sex-role stereotypes of what was considered the proper attitude toward working women are reflected in popular fiction between 1890 and 1950, according to this study. Despite increased educational and work opportunities, women are still affected by these stereotypes which limit their business aspirations and achievement. (MF)