In spite of continuing patterning of curriculum subject preference and choice by gender, there has been little recent attention to the argument developed in the 1970s that children play with different toys according to their gender, and that these provide girls and boys with (different) curriculum-related skills. The article describes a…

Examines whether bias and stereotypes filter into reporters' consciousness, affecting what they write about women, or whether reporters successfully avoid the influence of such bias. Claims that instances of sex-stereotyping were a result of chance rather than ingrained, institutional gender bias. (MM)

Article outlined the developing role of women in American society and provided some suggestions for helping to equalize male and female roles. (RK)

Article provided a brief look at the history and development of sex roles in an attempt to understand how that role definition developed and why it is only now being seriously challenged. (Author/RK)

Stereotypes about sex roles and achievement settings were investigated by examining stories written by college males and females. The characters of the stories, "John" and "Anne," were placed in either a neutral setting or in medical school. Anne was rated more feminine than John in the neutral setting but equally masculine as a medical student.…

This paper first reviews three different theoretical constructs concerning the psychological significance of sex-role-related characteristics in personality functioning: sex role identity, androgyny, and sex role transcendence. A new conceptual analysis concerning sex-typing, sex role strain analysis, is presented. Implications of this analysis…

Research on gender stereotypes has contrasted males with females, describing males by competency traits and females by traits which denote warmth or emotionality. However, it has become clear that these traits do not satisfactorily describe all members of either sex, since not all men possess only masculine characteristics and not all women…

We cannot accurately speak of women and men in general. Each one of us is a human being before being 'man' or 'woman.' And each one of us, man or woman, has roles and functions to fulfill, individually, inter-individually and socially. Here is where the differences begin. These are most emphatically not differences in value, only differences in…

Investigates approval/disapproval of behavioral performance in terms of the relative status of male and female role positions. Reports that male role behaviors are more highly approved than female role behaviors for both male and female college students. (ST)

Examined high school students' perceptions of behavioral deviations from sex roles. Reports that perceptions varied depending on whether subjects were making attributions toward a member of their own sex or the opposite sex. (ST)

The degree to which spouses actually share household tasks and income production is compared to their ideological commitment to sex role equity. Data were obtained from long-term intensive fieldwork with 19 Los Angeles nurses and their 18 families and from the researcher's doctoral dissertation. All data on family performance patterns indicate a…

Men nurse stereotypes (former corpsmen, homosexuals, or those seeking administrative positions) were challenged by results of an open-ended questionnaire survey of 15 male nursing students. In addition to the role conflicts all nurses experience, men in nursing face: isolation and loneliness, lack of role models, and others' stereotyped ideas.…

The Edwards Personal Preference Schedule was used to examine the relation of the sex role stereotypes held by college men and women to the objective measurement of these stereotyped characteristics. Subjects perceived numerous differences between the average female and male, but very few differences between the ideal female and male. (Author/EB)

Examines the creative writing of 180 elementary school children for gender and age differences. Stories were analyzed for assignment of physical actions and problem-solver roles to characters as well as for story theme. Findings support conclusions that stereotypic attitudes toward sex-roles prevail and are evident in children's stories.…

This study examines the sex-role perceptions that adolescents hold of fathers, mothers, ideal males, ideal females, and selves. Differences exist between male and female adolescents, and significant linkages exist between sex-role identification and academic achievement. (Author/BW)