Boys have been identified as the main perpetrators of school violence and bullying, evoking debates on masculinities. However, boys are not always the active producers of violence. This article examines the ways in which primary school boys who otherwise denounce violence explain their participation in it. The data draw from a more extensive…

In the United States, schools are expected to navigate the political climate of anti-critical race theory and anti-LGBTQ + discrimination, where white identity politics herald white knowledge as the invisible standard against which racial, gender, and sexuality differences are constructed. State policies that facilitate the removal of diverse…

The current study empirically examined predictors of level of voice (ethnicity, attachment, and gender role socialization) in a diverse sample of 108 14-year-old girls. Structural equation modeling results indicated that parental attachment predicted level of voice with authority figures, and gender role socialization predicted level of voice with…

An investigation was made of the relationship between sex-role orientation (as measured by the Bem Sex Role Inventory) and responsiveness in infant care (as determined by observations on the Nursing Child Assessment Feeding Scale). Subjects participating in the study consisted of 44 father/infant dyads. It was hypothesized that androgynous fathers…

Investigated responses of 509 white/European American and African American men to dominant norms of masculinity within the United States and presents a model for male identity formation, including cultural influences, dominant cultural norms, and specific circumstances. Results suggest that at age 18, both groups report similar perspectives about…

This study investigated differences in attitudes and emotions of black and white adolescent males on four items constructed to measure conventional and compulsive (deviant) masculinity. After reporting the theoretical perspectives, the article presents cross-tabulations of responses to attitude and emotion questions from the National Survey of…

This paper explores how white male adolescents construct themselves and the "other" within the context of reading and responding to multicultural literature. The purpose of the paper is not to derive a theory of adolescent male gender construction, but to see how gender is put into discourse and how white males appropriate those discourses to…

Reports findings of three studies designed to examine patterns of masculinity and femininity in males and females separately both within and across three ethnic groups: Anglo, Black, and Chicano. The first two studies looked at identity patterns in adolescents, whereas the third examined the same patterns in elementary school students. (KH)

This paper presents a study which tested 38 boys and 38 girls from grades 3-5 and 6-8 in both sex role identification and creativity. The study was conducted to determine whether past findings which indicate a relationship between low sex role identification and creativity were a function of the scales used in the experiment or of a developmental…

Boys are especially active users of media, and researchers have suggested that the cumulative impact of media, such as television, movies, and music videos, may make them some of the most influential forces in boys' lives. This report presents the findings of a national poll of 1,200 young people (ages 10 to 17) and focus groups in which boys…

Sports programming plays a significant role in the media messages that American boys receive today. To explore the messages that sports programming presents to its audience, this report relates the findings of a study that analyzed a representative selection of sports programs and their accompanying commercials; also presented are findings from a…