There are many studies related to gender representation in science textbooks. However, less attention has been paid to the ways in which physics textbooks portray women: how women are situated in occupations or works, laboratory activities, and achievements, or to their characters in relation to women's stuff. This textual analysis aims to fill…

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to explore the experiences of working women in a male-dominated country (Morocco) and unveil the unique challenges and everyday gender-bias they face, the psychological impact of the perceived gender-bias and, finally, identify a variety of coping strategies or combatting mechanisms affecting their motivation…

Nearly four decades of instability and fragility have led to many changes in the status of women and girls in Afghanistan. Yet, little research focuses on these changes within the education system. To understand the country's stance toward gender issues in formal practice, we examine gender representations in Afghan primary-level Dari language…

Women play an increasingly important role in the labour market and as wage earners. Moreover, in many countries, young women have outperformed men in terms of educational attainment and qualification. Still, women's human capital investment does not pay off as it does for men as they are still significantly disadvantaged on the labour market.…

A long-standing debate questions whether homemakers or working wives are happier. Drawing on cross-national data for 28 countries, this research uses multi-level models to provide fresh evidence on this controversy. All things considered, homemakers are slightly happier than wives who work fulltime, but they have no advantage over part-time…

Social institutions that have been around for thousands of years generally change slowly, when they change at all. But that's not the way things have been playing out with marriage and family since the middle of the 20th Century. Some scholars argue that in the past five decades, the basic architecture of these age-old institutions has changed as…

More than 400 women have been murdered in and around Ciudad Juarez, Mexico, over the past decade. As the murders continue unabated and unsolved, and with the likely complicity of state authorities, they have triggered a dynamic cultural response from writers, filmmakers, singers, and others who deplore the murders while suggesting the underlying…

This paper reports the results of a small-scale narrative study of men and women who grew up in mid-twentieth-century rural Wales, and their reminiscences regarding women and education. Although the dominant image of Wales during that era is that of a male-dominated society, all of our participants remembered influential independent women and…

Participatory literacy programmes in developing countries are often seen as an important tool for women's empowerment and equality. This article problematises the way in which evaluation of progress towards these goals is couched in a linear trajectory, and often fails to uncover the messy reality of women's negotiations to achieve their own aims.…

Reviews literacy and challenges in women's education during Poland's social transformation, women's participation in the transition, the role of women's organizations in encouraging workforce participation, and educational activities of women's organizations. (SK)

Examines the work roles of Israeli village women at home and in the fields, the effects of technological change, and sex stereotypes related to technological aptitude. Suggests that the crucial variable influencing gender differentiation in work roles is technology itself rather that its context of application. (SV)

Explores the effect of full- and part-time employment of women on aspects of household arrangements. Argues that only full-time employment represents significant transformation in women's roles, thus providing the bargaining resources that allow them to affect household arrangements. Based on study of Israeli Jewish population, study determined…

Investigates several sets of personality and attitudinal variables to assess their relationship to one clear-cut example of sex-role behavior, namely, labor-force participation on the part of married women, and corrects some methodological limitations of earlier studies. (Author)

Investigated life history of American career women (N=24) at midlife. The transitions experienced by these women during their lifetimes were categorized into "masculine" or "feminine" types. It was found that they were distributed about equally between the two types of transitions, thus excluding a simple biological approach.…

Examined the relationship between marital status and job involvement in women retired from nonprofessional careers (58 ever married women and 22 never married women). Results showed that marital status affected the form of these women's work careers but not the quality of their work role participation. (JAC)