Gender pay gaps in earnings are well-documented in the literature. However, new factors contributing to women's lower earnings have emerged and remain under-researched. Educational choices are among them. We use a rich administrative dataset from Poland, a Central Eastern European country with high tertiary education enrolment and high female…

The crisis during the pandemic restrained the livelihood of women and disrupted their economic opportunities. Specifically, during the height of the lockdown, when people were restricted from going out, the livelihood of women who sold and peddled seafood products was greatly affected. This paper unfolds women's socio-demographic profile and…

Despite the growing number of women in museums, the undervaluing of educational work traditionally associated with women, and labor largely done by women today, persists. This begs the question: in what "other" ways are women and femmes working in museums undermined despite their growing presence as workers and the emerging centrality of…

Though the number of women employed in the workforce has increased, there continues to be an inequity in employment of women in the highest ranks of community colleges. Guided by gendered organizational theory, the study looked at both overt and covert knowledge of genderedness at community colleges. As one might infer, institutional genderedness…

This is an update to the report "Deeper in Debt: Women and Student Loans." Americans today carry $1.54 trillion in student loan debt. That number has more than doubled over the last decade--increasing at nearly six times the rate of inflation. Women are particularly burdened, holding nearly two-thirds of all outstanding loans--around…

Over the course of the past few decades student loans have become an increasingly common means of paying for a college education. Most students who complete a college program now take on student loans, and the amount of student debt that students assume has increased along with the price of attending college. At this time about 44 million…

An important part of making philosophy as a discipline gender equal is to ensure that female authors are not simply wiped out of the history of philosophy. This has implications for teaching as well as research. In this context, I reflect on my experience of teaching a text by medieval philosopher Christine de Pizan as part of an introductory…

The literature on higher education in the United States has maintained a place for the specific topic of discrimination against women in the American academy. Institutional restrictions, invisible ceilings, hidden hierarchies--all of these have entered into the discussion surrounding both the failure of women to progress through the academic ranks…

Over the last several decades a number of strategies have emerged and evolved to promote gender equity in development efforts. Yet debates regarding the relative efficacy of these strategies remain. On Thursday, April 26, 2007, the Woodrow Wilson Center convened a group of experts on gender and development to address the issue of gender inequality…

Work uncertainty may affect gender disparities in professionals' upward mobility in organizational hierarchies. Professional work involves three forms of uncertainty--problem variability, strategic indeterminacy and dependence on autonomous actors--that weaken the association between performance and ability, leading organizational decision-makers…

These proceedings are from a hearing that addressed the so-called "glass ceiling"--the dearth of women in mid- and upper-management level positions in corporations and other organizations. Statements of the following persons are included: Senator Paul Simon; Elsie Vartanian, Director of the Women's Bureau; Senator Robert Dole; Lynn…

Preintegration attitudes and expectations of 1,936 men and 346 women assigned to six Navy ships were measured before the women reported aboard, through the administration of gender-specific versions of the "Navy in Transition" questionnaire. An additional 483 men assigned to a ship not scheduled for integration completed the…

This paper discusses some of the ways women can combat inequities in the educational system that keep them from attaining top administrative posts. It includes a discussion of attitudes and stereotypes that limit women's upward mobility. A checklist of recommendations for handling on-the-job problems is also offered, as are suggestions for helping…

Discusses the current position of women in society and indicates that, although progress has been made, many do not enjoy the fruits of the economic development to which they have contributed. (JOW)

The five speeches in this publication were presented in 1978 at the 63rd annual meeting of the National Council of Administrative Women in Education. Men and women whose speeches appear here touch on key issues involved in the struggle for sexual equality in management jobs. They focus on a new women's network that is gaining popularity as an…