The purpose of a research study was to develop a model for recruitment, retention, and placement of female students in secondary vocational education programs which have traditionally been for males. Ten specific secondary vocational education programs were selected which had successfully recruited, retained, and placed female students in…

The spectrum of women-owned businesses ranges from full corporations to microenterprises. Women business owners share many characteristics and motivations of business owners generally; other factors are dissatisfaction with "glass ceiling" limits, desire for job flexibility, and age discrimination. Women entrepreneurs often face barriers…

The earnings gap is the difference between the percentage ratio of women's earnings to those of men and 100 percent. In 1988, the earnings gap for hourly earnings was 26 percent; for weekly earnings, 30 percent; and for annual earnings, 34 percent. Although the direction over the past decade is toward greater equality, the pace is extremely slow.…

Female participation continues to increase in postsecondary vocational education and the labor market. This growth has paralleled increased funding under the Vocational Education Amendments of 1976 for sex-equity related research and demonstration activities. Funding has not, however, kept pace with needs of institutions trying to ensure equal…

This paper presents an overview of occupational segregation, which keeps women in lower-paying job categories, especially as this segregation pertains to federal job programs. The first two sections of the paper survey occupational segregation in general, examining the statistics which show that women are heavily concentrated into a very limited…

To evaluate potential sources of female sex bias and sex stereotyping within traditionally male occupational programs at the College of DuPage, programs with low female enrollment were selected for study: air conditioning and refrigeration, architectural drafting, auto service, building construction, criminal justice, electronics, fire science,…

An expanded analysis of factors related to sex-role stereotyping in New York State (which were identified in phase 1) was conducted in the second (final) phase of the project. (See Note for report on phase 1.) Data were collected by surveying occupational education students--generally 11th and 12th graders--in selected programs in the trade,…

Although occupational sex segregation has decreased over the last 25 years, it is still a major social concern primarily because of the role it plays in perpetuating the gender wage gap. This paper uses data from the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study, a study that followed a random sample of 10,317 high school graduates, to assess the determinants of…

This publication presents six primary tools employers can use to narrow or eliminate pay gaps in their workplaces. After each tool is a discussion of the problem and examples of "best practices" by employers that have won the Department of Labor's Opportunity 2000 and EVE (Exemplary Voluntary Efforts) awards. The report is divided into six tools:…

This paper examines three topics related to women's involvement in non-traditional occupations: (1) the historical origin of occupational classification; (2) the influence of World War II on women's expanded participation in the workforce; and (3) women's entry into non-traditional occupations. The industrial revolution in Europe and later in the…

This publication profiles the successful efforts of eight organizations to develop programs and policies to prevent sexual harassment in their workplaces. The profiles highlight a facet of each organization's efforts. An introduction offers a blueprint for action. The first profile is a look at US West and the key elements for developing and…

This report describes the status of gender and race/ethnicity enrollments in vocational programs in Connecticut's comprehensive high schools. Data are based on a sample of nine representative schools in urban, rural, and suburban communities. Enrollment data for the 1988-89 school year are from the State Department of Education and represent eight…

The fact that gender desegregation of vocational programs has not yet been achieved might be related to labor force occupational segregation by gender. Social theorists view schooling inequities as mirrors of social structure, whereby schools track students to maintain social stratification. Mirroring the labor market, education has segregated…

The Women in Nontraditional Trades (WINT) project has implemented a new skills training program for women in the Philippines. It is being pilot tested in two regional training centers of the National Manpower and Youth Council in central Mindanao and southern Luzon. A major component of the WINT project is the provision of skills training for…

From its position in the Office of the Secretary of Labor, the Women's Bureau participates in departmental policy making and program planning and serves as a coordinating body in the Department of Labor for programs affecting women. Among its activities are the following: initiating and supporting research in economic, social, and legislative…