In the last 20 years, an increase in the number of working women has been accompanied by changes in the female labor force and in the concentration of women in particular occupations and industries. These changes have a profound effect upon women's earnings. The Current Population Survey (CPS) shows a wide disparity in the median earnings of women…

This paper reviews some of the past literature on male-female wage differentials in order to determine the early hypotheses which are the historical roots of the current theoretical and empirical work analyzing male-female wage differentials. Part 1 reviews the discrimination hypotheses, which emphasize differences in the labor market conditions…

Available from: the Commerce Clearing House, Inc., 4025 W. Peterson Ave., Chicago, Illinois 60646. (IRT)

Defines four distinct theories of wage discrimination: equal pay for equal work, equal pay for similar work, equal pay for equal or comparable worth, and pay parity. Court cases involving comparable worth are discussed and statistics cited. The effect of job evaluations and the power of the marketplace are examined also. (CT)

Rigidity is setting in that obscures reasonable discussion of the imperfections of a free market where women's wages are concerned, and increases the likelihood that comparable worth, if implemented, might substitute one set of arbitrary job evaluations for another. (MLW)

Examines the effects of equal employment opportunity regulation on the compensation practices of one organization over a three-year period. Female and minority employees who were employed at the time of the policy change received little benefit; newcomers experienced moderate benefit. (Author/IRT)

Results of a census-sample study (model appended) of earnings differentials between men and women in three types of employment (government, private, and self-employment) indicate a need for policies to: (1) alter practices of financial institutions and suppliers toward self-employed women and (2) insure job-advancement for others. (Author/AJ)

This report represents the results of a salary study of the full-time faculty members listed in the Board of Trustees' minutes at the University of Akron. Tentative conclusions suggest: (1) While changes in salaries at the University of Akron over the last several years have generally kept pace with changes in the cost of living, the more recent…

Two essays address the issue of pay equity and present opinions favoring and opposing comparable-worth adjustments. Movement of women out of traditionally female jobs, the limits of "equal pay," fairness of comparable worth and market-based wages, implementation and efficiency of comparable worth system, and alternatives to comparable…

The purpose of this paper is to help employers, employee groups, and others understand the concept of equal pay by explaining the intentions of section 11 of the Canadian Human Rights Act and the Canadian Human Rights Commission's approach to its application. It can be used as a reference by those responsible for developing pay systems or…

This study was designed to explain the earnings differentials between metropolitan areas for six labor types, identified by level of education: 0-7, 8, 9-11, 12, 13-15, and 16 or more. Three separate models relate the average earnings of these types to several area variables. Multiple regression equations, based on 1960 Census and related data,…

The earnings gap is the difference between the percentage ratio of women's earnings to those of men and 100 percent. In 1988, the earnings gap for hourly earnings was 26 percent; for weekly earnings, 30 percent; and for annual earnings, 34 percent. Although the direction over the past decade is toward greater equality, the pace is extremely slow.…

Examined variables related to sexual discrimination on-the-job for a sample of social workers (N=128) in North Carolina. Findings indicated that gender was a better predictor of salary than either job position, experience, or education. When these three variables were controlled, males were found to earn an average of $5,645 more per year than…

A national study, including state-by-state breakouts, analyzed Census Bureau and Bureau of Labor Statistics data to explore the wage gap. Median weekly earnings of men and women and of minorities and nonminorities were analyzed. Gender-based earnings differences and gender wage gaps were large for all women--and especially large for minority…