Updates and reexamines Kehrer's 1973 survey of women and men physicians and factors affecting their income differential. It also compares economic indicators of demand for office-based services for men and women physicians to determine whether there is evidence of discrimination by potential patients against women physicians. (CT)

Analysis of a sample of 306 workers shows that neither the gender nor racial composition of the workplace is associated with productivity. An alternative explanation for lower wages of women and minorities is social closure--the monopolizing of desirable positions by advantaged workers. (SK)

Using data from the 1989 Canadian Labour-Market Activity Survey, when occupation is treated as a productivity-related characteristic, gender wage gap estimates are distorted. Using a larger number of occupations, the occupational aggregation by gender reflects barriers women face in attempting to enter male-dominated occupations. (SK)

Estimates of discrimination represent poor guides to decision making when discrimination is defined too broadly, when earnings differentials are not properly adjusted for changes in relative productivity, and when the present-value method used is not well-suited to the problem. Available from The American Journal of Economics and Sociology, 50…

Since "work" shifted from the household to the factory, it was not surprising that economics ignored the household as workplace. As a result, housework has not been defined as work. The productive basis of domestic labor, while having been transformed during industrialism, is nevertheless socially and economically productive. Economic productivity…

Survey data from a national sample of physical therapists were used to investigate male-female income differences in the field. Results indicated salary differentials to be due both to discrimination and differences in productivity. Types of discrimination and how they affect employment productivity measures are examined. (MF)

A study using 1977 and 1987 data on earnings differentials between male and female engineers found that most of the difference was not accounted for by productive characteristics such as education and experience and was therefore due to discrimination. In addition, the proportion of the earnings differential not explained by productivity has…

The current status of women and minority faculty is briefly reviewed, and alternative explanations for patterns of differences that exist are identified. Although female faculty have gained in their proportionate representation during the 1970s, they still lag behind their strength of a half century ago. In addition, female scholars tend to be…

Reports a study of pay equity among both academic and nonacademic staff at 18 Australian universities. Addresses topics including employment level, tenure (faculty), age differences, years in higher education, family needs, employment qualifications, career progression, job content, and research productivity (faculty). (MSE)

Attempts to explain sex-related wage differentials generally rely on the human capital and segmentation labor market theories. The human capital theory explains individuals' position in the labor market primarily in terms of factors determining their productivity, whereas segmentation theory focuses on differences among jobs as determinants of the…