Women were not considered in preliminary discussions concerning the events, designation of participants, competitive attire, and problems relating to amateurism in the first Olympic games. Golf was the first sport in which women participated in the Olympics, and the first woman to achieve Olympic recognition for the United States did so by winning…

Analyzes the effect on existing athletic programs of the female high school athlete's legally protectable interest in the benefits of an interscholastic sports program where one is provided for the male athletes. (Author)

This text of a panel discussion explodes the myth of female inferiority in professional sports. (JS)

Although the women's sports movement has opened up unprecedented opportunities for some women, it has left completely untouched other pervasive inequalities in male programs and may actually have widened these inequalities. (Author)

Girls' athletics have grown tremendously since passage of Title IX, but attitudinal and financial barriers still inhibit full female sports participation. Girls too should have access to the physical fitness, emotional, and social benefits and status rewards accorded to athletes in our society. (Part of a theme issue on women.) (SJL)

The nature and pervasiveness of sex-based inequalities within collegiate athletics are reviewed with regard to constitutional mandates as interpreted by Title IX and the proposed Equal Rights Amendment. Special attention is given to the once discredited "separate but equal" doctrine. (LBH)

As in other educational realms, the courts are asserting more and more authority over interscholastic athletics. A summary of pertinent cases and decisions. (Editors)

This paper focuses on Title IX, a part of the Federal Education Amendments of 1972, and its effect upon human rights in school sport. The paper is divided into three sections. The first section reviews the purpose of Title IX and the historical developments which led to its establishment. It states that Title IX was enacted to eliminate sexual…

The 21 papers and articles annotated for this bibliography are on the topics of: (1) participation of minority women in the Association of Intercollegiate Athletics for Women (AIAW) member institutions; (2) Title IX effects on intercollegiate athletics for minority women; (3) the first "Black Women in Sport Workshop"; (4) black women in sports at…

This history of sports and athletic activities in America covers a time span from the close of the sixteenth century to the present time. It is divided into three major sections. The first, "Colonial and Early American Sport," narrates the early moral and ethical attitudes of the Puritans and follows the changes in attitudes and introduction of…

Addresses psychological issues of elite female athletes preparing for Olympic competition. Perpetual social and gender role issues make women more receptive to psychological services. As women enter their final preparations for the Olympic Games, sport psychology is held to be of critical importance to help them with performance enhancement and…

Titles VI and IX require coeducational physical education classes and equity in athletic offerings and coaches' salaries, and prohibit sex discrimination in public schools. In New Jersey, compliance with the law is in the best educational interest of both male and female students. Educators leading intramural and interscholastic athletics programs…

Many physical educators, administrators, and parents argue that it makes little sense to spend time and money building athletic programs for young women when they are not interested in pursuing sports activities. Such an attitude is explored in this Task Force report questioning what roles, if any, physical education teachers have predetermined…

There continues to be oppression among female athletes, even after the enactment of Title IX in 1972. Female athletes in secondary schools deal with low self-esteem, eating disorders such as anorexia and bulimia, and depression. Female athletes struggle with societal pressures to maintain a model-like figure, while trying to train and perform for…

These conference proceedings cover three general areas: (1) purposes and values of high school athletics, (2) the need for a definition of equality, and (3) the legal basis for athletics and evolving definitions of equality. Specific essays discuss topics such as the organization and legal basis for athletics; racial segregation in high school…