Demonstrates how important the factor of male attitudes toward women pursuing male-dominated occupations can be in hindering the diversification of female occupational patterns. Examines the failure of a vigorous government-sponsored campaign in 1981 to introduce women into the male-dominated trades in the industrial region of Newcastle,…

This booklet describes results of a research study, undertaken by the National Advisory Council on Women's Educational Programs, to determine recent developments in achieving women's educational equity and possible future directions of this movement. Selected trends, achievements, and areas in which equity has not been achieved are identified. The…

Examines whether gains acquired by white women in education and employment are occurring at the expense of African-American men. Major issues in affirmative action are reviewed, and trends in education and employment are traced. It is not clear that white women gain at the expense of African-American men. (SLD)

A primary social dilemma today is that current strategies have led to the perception that affirmative action favors some population groups at the expense of others, that in a sense it uses one form of discrimination to combat another. It is essential to reconsider affirmative action strategies to implement those that are most appropriate for today…

This paper presents an overview of occupational segregation, which keeps women in lower-paying job categories, especially as this segregation pertains to federal job programs. The first two sections of the paper survey occupational segregation in general, examining the statistics which show that women are heavily concentrated into a very limited…

Despite a profusion of mentoring publications, much information on the subject is opinion-based, retrospective, and reflective. In examining mentoring for career advancement, researchers have focused largely on proteges' experience. This study examined mentoring as a mechanism for career advancement, focusing on the mentor's perspective and…

Examines the relative pay of women in the academic labor market between 1965 and 1985, analyzing national survey data, information from institutions, and published research. Although women's relative pay has improved since the late 1960s, women's salaries still fall short of men's salaries. Sex discrimination seems to have had little effect on…

Twenty-five years after it was enacted by Congress in 1972, Title IX of the Education Amendments (the federal mandate against sex discrimination in education) has opened doors previously closed to women and girls. This report by the National Coalition for Women and Girls in Education (NCWGE) celebrates the progress made to date but also identifies…

A plan at Purdue University to develop a model program for women in engineering is described. The Purdue Department of Freshman Engineering received a grant from the U.S. Department of Education through the Women's Education Equity Act to help overcome some of the problems faced by women who enter engineering. The program focuses on an…

This paper assesses the positive and negative impacts of the Women's Educational Equity Act of 1974 and discusses the potential of the act for promoting access and entry for prospective women administrators. It briefly reviews the purpose and intent of the women's equity legislation and offers a summary of projects funded to promote the…

Examines recent progress under European Economic Community (EEC) and national law towards equality of opportunity and treatment in employment. The first part deals with decisions of the EEC Court of Justice; the second part depicts legislation and case law in the 10 member countries. (SK)

Examines the Project of Internships, Certification, Equity-Leadership and Support (ICES) designed to increase the number of women in school administration. Concludes that the ICES field test identified components that are necessary but not sufficient to bring women into administrative positions. (Author/WD)

Unequal treatment, unequal value and unequal power are three aspects of the gender balance argument in public relations. The few models describing how public relations is practiced do not distinguish the component parts on the basis of gender. Such models do not consider the men and women in the intra-institutional processes as processors of…

To address minority students' needs, increase school administrators' instructional leadership capacities, and involve parents in improving schools, school districts must recruit large percentages of women and minority educators to school leadership positions. This will not be a simple task, as entirely new definitions of school leadership are…

Although affirmative-action policies have provided employment opportunities for both male and female ethnic minorities in higher education, minority women's appointment to high-ranking faculty and administrative positions lags far behind that of men. Affirmative-action and diversity programs must continue to counter society's racist and sexist…