The effects of the sex of the respondent and of the sexual history of the victim on reactions to rape victims were examined. Newspaper accounts described a rape and related some of the victim's testimony at the trial of the accused rapist. The victim's testimony was varied as follows: no information on her sexual history, information on sexual…

Picture stimuli depicting females and males working together were shown to college students by either a male or a female experimenter. Subjects' responses to the pictures were assessed using standard need achievement scoring. A significant interaction was obtained between sex of subject and sex of experimenter, such that higher need achievement…

Videotaped vignettes of two 35-year old women and two 20-year old women who portrayed problems about the fear of rape, existential anxiety, choice of a college major in social work, or choice of a college major in engineering were shown to 88 male/female counselors. Results indicated that the two personal-social problems were rated as more serious…

Commuter students completed the Interpersonal Conflict Questionnaire which asked about four interactions involving hostility ranging from silent anger to physical violence. Results showed that intense episodes typically occurred longer ago, and most opponents were known for more than a year. Intense episodes were more likely to occur at one's own…

A locally-constructed family planning questionnaire and a series of personality instruments were administered to 100 sexually active, unmarried, undergraduate students (60 females, 40 males). Responses to a question of "whose responsibility is it for using birth control measures" showed that 80% of the women and 83% of the men see that…

The stereotype of women athletes in college is predominantly positive rather than negative. In one study, female athletes were seen to be strong, strong-willed, leaders, brave and healthy. In the second study, women were judged to be significantly more attractive when the interviewer was male, and males gave significantly higher ratings than…

The interactions of 10-month-old infants and their mothers were observed using mathematical models of interaction which state that the child's behavior depends on recent characteristics of mother's behavior, and that the mother's behavior depends on recent characteristics of the child's. Therefore, changes in the intensity of the behavior of one…

Few meaningful sex differences will be reported if investigators go beyond the reporting of statistical significance to determine the indices of experimental effect size. Techniques for obtaining this type of information include the calculation of d and the estimate of omega squared, which indicate the advisability of continuing a line of…

Sex differences in the attitudes and behavior of entering freshmen toward 13 drugs were examined through the administration of anonymous polls at the University of Maryland during three consecutive years, 1972-1974. The polls were designed to investigate the incidence and frequency of drug use; the students' reasons for using and not using drugs;…

This experiment was performed to assess the effects of the experimental confederates' sex and contrived group peer pressure on the drug attitudes of male college students. Subjects were exposed to all male or all female groups of experimental confederates (persuaders) who expressed either extremely pro-drug or anti-drug sentiments in a guided…

This speech addressed itself to the variety of achievement motivations that can be critically different for men and women. The author, impressed by the different ways people cognitively define and experience a successful accomplishment, developed a taxonomy of psychological cues which people might use in defining their success. Six varieties of…

Freudian theory and subsequent research indicates a connection between sexual and aggressive motivation. The present study investigated preferences among nonsexual, sexual, and aggressive humor as a function of induced aggressive mood. One-hundred and twenty male and 120 female university students participated in one of four 2x2 factorial designs…

Previous equity research indicates that females more often than males prefer to divide rewards equally when their own work inputs are greater than that of their partner. In the present study, males and females divided rewards either between themselves and another person, or between two hypothetical members of a work dyad. Results showed that when…

Despite its significance, the field of informal peer counseling remains relatively unexplored. This study focused on the therapeutic responses that laymen give to and desire from their peers. In two separate studies, S's indicated their reactions to scripts presented in booklets or on tapes. S's were instructed to respond to these scripts as if…

Successful and unsuccessful outcomes in 24 therapy dyads were analyzed according to client-therapist personality integration (pi). Results indicated that successful outcome was most likely to occur when both client and therapist were high pi. Failure was most frequent among mixed sex dyads with discrepant pi differences. Implications for effective…