Doctoral students who had completed the Personality Research Form in 1973 were followed up three years later to determine the functional specialty in which they spend the bulk of their professional time. The findings support the position that personality needs predict functional specialty. (Author)

Males (N=291) and females (N=246) viewed a videotape of a client of the same sex with either vocational or personal social problems, counseled by either a male or female counselor. Results indicated significant effects and interactions of counselor sex and sex role and client sex and the problem presented. (Author)

Analyzed male (N=72) and female (N=64) perceptions of female counselors using three levels of counselor physical attractiveness and four levels of counselor age. Male compared to female participants evaluated unattractive women counselors more positively. Counselor age influenced reactions to counselors. (RC)

Male and female counselors (N=88) viewed videotaped vignettes of two 35-year old women and two 20-year old women who portrayed problems about feared rape, existential anxiety, and choice of college major. Results indicated the two personal-social problems were rated as more serious than vocational problems on all dependent measures. (Author)

Research has suggested that physical attractiveness contributes to subjects' perception of female competency. This finding has generated interest in investigating the effect of physical attractiveness on subjects' perceptions of competency in male and female therapists. Undergraduates (N=192) viewed a 15-minute videotaped session reflecting either…

Sexual feelings between therapist and client have been a source of theoretical controversy since the beginnings of modern psychotherapy. Psychotherapists' (N=72) verbal behavior, affective reactions, and clinical judgments in response to audiotapes of client sexual material were investigated. Therapist gender, client gender, and type of sexual…

Black male and female adolescents (N=27) were presented racial and attitudinal information about a hypothetical male or female counselor and asked to express their perceptions of the counselor. Attitudinal rather than racial information regarding a counselor had a more crucial effect in determining perception of the counselor. (Author)

College women (N=56) identified as holding either egalitarian or traditional attitudes toward dating-initiation, were randomly assigned to four taped, counseling conditions. Counselors expressing egalitarian attitudes were rated more favorably than counselors expressing traditional attitudes. (Author)

Student counselors predicted sex-role behaviors of a hypothetical female or male client experiencing academic and personal difficulties. In general, student-counselor attitudes (liberal or moderate) toward sex roles influenced their predictions of client behavior in work and education roles but not in family roles. (Author)

Asian-American college students (n=104) listened to taped counseling session in which counselor was described as Asian-American or Caucasian-American and portrayed as either culture-sensitive or culture-blind. Counselor was rated as more credible and culturally competent under culture-sensitive condition than under culture-blind condition and when…

Investigates effects of sex of judge, sex of referent, and sex-pairing of judge and referent on level of understanding, or affective sensitivity, of school counselors. Male and female counselors were found to be equally accurate in their empathic judgments. There were no detected effects of sex-pairing. (Author)

University counseling center clients read one of six counselor descriptions generated by crossing counselor gender with counselor sex roles (feminine, androgynous, and masculine), then rated their willingness to see the counselor for a variety of concerns. Feminine sex role was rated highest for personal concerns, masculine for assertiveness…

Investigated effects of predicate usage, facilitative skill level, and participant sex on ratings of empathic understanding. After listening to one of four audiotapes utilizing different counselor response modes, subjects (n=225) evaluated counselor empathy. Findings suggest that counselor communication skill level seems to be more important than…

Examines the relationships among a client's gender-role attitude, the client's sex, the counselor's sex, and the client's rating of his or her counselor. Results, based on responses from 17 male and 40 female clients after their first counseling session, indicate that female clients rated counselors significantly higher than did male clients. (RJM)

The ability to empathize with clients or students is a prime factor in the counselor's or teacher's success. Affective sensitivity, or acuteness in detecting and describing the emotions of others, is a critical component of empathy. It has generally been assumed that the masculine orientation toward instrumental or cognitive focus on problem…