The effect of context on children's attribution of the emotional state (happy to unhappy on a 5-point scale) of various pictures of infants is examined in this paper. Three sets of pictures rated by adults as being of happy, unhappy, or ambiguous infants, were chosen and presented to 40 preschool children. Following rating use training, half of…

Most empirical data suggest that interpersonal attraction is caused by a single emotion known by different names (liking, romantic love, jealousy). Since all of these studies used dating or married couples as subjects, it is possible that liking, romantic love, and jealousy are separate emotions which converge only when their target is a dating…

An exploratory study was conducted to define and differentiate interruptions structurally and tactically. The participants were 60 college students assigned to female-female, female-male, and male-male conversational dyads. The dyadic conversations were recorded for 14 minutes, during a period of "getting to know each other" and during a…

Behavioral differences have often been noted between blacks and whites. These differences seem to be associated with the perception and interpretation of the environment and the subsequent selection of the appropriate adapting strategies. This is a socialized difference which is best explained by the concept of psychological differentiation or…

This bibliography, containing more than 250 entries, presents research and theoretical perspectives into the male sex role. Articles were chosen for their usefulness to researchers, with emphasis on scientific and data-based research literature. All the annotations use a standard format including subjects, method, findings and comments. Articles…

Ninety-six male and female undergraduates participated in a test of the influence of sex role on performance in a masculine task. Subject sex, norm (challenging or not challenging), and experimenter (male, female, or no experimenter present) were varied in a 2 x 2 x 3 design. When challenged, subjects worked more successfully in the presence of a…

Effectance, defined as the child's independent, effective interaction with people and things, is studied through observation of the play of 36 preschool low income black children. The children were observed and filmed in semi-structured play sessions, primarily with family dolls, doll furniture, and small baby bottle. Instruments used were: (1)…

One of the focal points of this study is the investigation of the relationship between rates and types of imitative responding and responsiveness to social reinforcement (approval). Subjects were 96 children (5 to 6 years old) equally divided according to sex and race (Negro and white). Findings indicate that: (1) it seems tenable to assume that a…

One goal of this study was to investigate sex differences in facial expressiveness. The study used all possible combinations of males and females in the positions of "sender" and "observer" of the facial communication to determine which factor was responsible for the superior accuracy among females, as reported in a previous study. Another goal of…

Discusses results of a study of computer programers which assessed the emotional and social needs met by their interaction with computers, programers, and nonprogrammers. Since a significant portion of respondents expressed preference for computer interaction, an examination of needs fulfilled by computer interaction is presented, and societal…

Differences and relationships that exist between students' knowledge, behavior, and attitude scores by sex, socioeconomic status, and type of school are examined. (SK)

During a brief play period away from the mother, the responses of 10-month-old infants were observed as a function of two factors in a 2x2 design: first, whether the mother or the infant initiated the separation and second, whether the mother was visible or not during the separation. (Author/MS)

It was concluded that previous explanations of visual exploration or stimulus preference have been oversimplified, and studies on the whole have failed to take into account a crucial interaction between sex and age variables. (Authors)

Purpose of this paper is to discuss some of the environmental and behavioral factors in children's day-to-day lives that are associated with hyperactivity and to examine its stability over time. (Authors)

Major results indicated that (a) mothers who had not attended college were markedly more prohibitive and intrusive than college-educated mothers; (b) mothers were more intrusive with sons than with daughters; and (c) the children were generally obedient. (Authors)