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Ziegert, Dannah I.; Kistner, Janet A.; Castro, Rafael; Robertson, Bruce – Child Development, 2001
Three studies replicated and extended Dweck's findings regarding young children's responses to challenging achievement situations. Findings indicated that a composite of cognitive, behavioral, and affective helplessness indices at kindergarten age predicted helplessness 1 and 5 years later, above and beyond gender and kindergarten task ability.…
Descriptors: Cognitive Development, Cognitive Processes, Followup Studies, Helplessness