Noting inadequacies in previous conceptualizations of gender, a study analyzed students' descriptions of persons they identify as masculine or feminine and of situations in which these persons and the students themselves seem more or less feminine or masculine. Subjects, 83 male and 100 female undergraduate students in communication or psychology…

Explored the effects on college students' mood and body image of a negative versus positive outcome in an opposite-sex, competitive peer interaction. Used one gender-neutral and one gender stereotypical task. There were no gender differences in reactions to winning or losing gender-neutral competitions, except marginally for depression. The…

Examines the effect of the content of reading material on students' perceptions of reading as masculine or feminine. Finds that during the second grade, students' views on reading change from sex-neutral to more feminine than masculine, and that the content or genre of the reading material influences this perception. (RS)

Examines the relationship between college students' gender roles and attitudes toward rape for 145 male and 374 female students. Responses to a scenario questionnaire suggest that women and men view acquaintance rape differently and that men may experience more attitude change resulting from an awareness workshop than do women. (SLD)

Examines ways in which female and male teachers and students talk about themselves and each other regarding physical activity, the body, and their expectations of femininity and masculinity. It is argued that physical education is where bodies are inscribed with gender differences, that is, the female body as lacking those qualities associated…

Reactions of 82 elementary school teachers and 107 college students were obtained to a tape of a child's voice labeled male or female, exhibiting stereotypically masculine or feminine verbal behavior. (Author/CM)

The impact of teacher and student sex differences and student assessment of teacher sex role orientation on student attitudes toward learning was examined with 252 undergraduate students, each evaluating 1 teacher. Results do not support the sex role congruency hypothesis. Students were more affected by overall teacher qualities. (SLD)

Assesses beliefs of 32 male and 35 female middle-class preschool children about the frequency and intensity with which girls, boys, women, and men experience anger, sadness, and happiness. Children's beliefs are complex; they vary as a function of the target person's age and sex and of the specific emotion. (SLD)

Two studies involving 135 female and 21 male undergraduates compare effects of masculinity and femininity on rater and ratee evaluations of emergent leader behavior in mixed-sex and same-sex groups. Masculinity is not associated with peer-rated leadership, but femininity is correlated with two measures (self-task and self-relationship) of…

Findings from 2 studies with 179 male and 158 female Israeli early adolescents and 97 male and 183 female Israeli university students show that male self-esteem is predicted significantly by masculine self-image (SI), female self-esteem is predicted by nonstereotyped SI, and feminine SI significantly predicts the self-esteem of neither gender.…