Administered Coopersmith Self-Esteem Inventory and Bem Sex Role Inventory to 194 adults. Found androgyny scale emphasizing masculinity was most predictive of self-esteem, due to strong correlation found between masculinity and self-esteem. Found no effects due to femininity, interaction of femininity and masculinity, or sex. (Author/NB)

TO UNDERSTAND STEREOTYPIC ITEMS IN MASCULINITY-FEMININITY (MF) SCALES (ITEMS THOUGHT TO DISCRIMINATE THE SEXES BUT SHOWING NO SEX DIFFERENCE), THE EDWARDS PERSONALITY INVENTORY (EPI) WAS ADMINISTERED TO 398 SUBJECTS UNDER MALE AND FEMALE INSTRUCTIONAL SETS. THESE INSTRUCTIONS CREATED SEX DIFFERENCES IN 13 OF 14 EPI SCALES, PRODUCING ON FIVE…

Examines achievement behavior of women in relation to their masculinity-femininity of self-concept and the mediating effects of the situation. While feminine women did not perform more poorly when competing against lower ability males than against lower ability females, very feminine women were more ambivalent about competing successfully than…

Examination of self-descriptions of 1,623 undergraduates (collectedd in 1958-64, 1970-74, and 1977-82) failed to support the prevailing assumption that masculinity and femininity develop independently. Rather, a positive relation was found between the presence of masculine and feminine traits within the same individual even when gender and state…

Four groups of women differing in psychological masculinity and femininity as measured by the Personal Attributes Questionnaire, participated in two laboratory situations designed to measure their typical and maximal dominance expression. (Author/MP)

While recent research has examined some qualities that are related to marital adjustment, none has examined personal development variables that might be expected to significantly relate to marital adjustment and to gender-role self-concept. A study was conducted to examine relationships among gender-role self-concepts, personal development, and…

Male and female college students described themselves and their ideal male and female with regard to sex-typed characteristics. Females described an androgynous model for themselves and their ideals. Males described an androgynous model for their self-portrayals but sex-typed portrayals for their ideals. (CMG)

A study of sex-role identification partly confirmed two hypotheses: (1) the social relationships of late childhood have attributes which encourage the feminine stereotype rather than the masculine stereotype; and (2) children of both sexes who attest to masculine characteristics feel higher levels of discordance than those who attest to female…

Investigated the influences of gender and individual differences in psychological masculinity and femininity on the achievement and interpersonal strivings, abilities, and self-concepts of 176 college students. Results indicated that psychological masculinity and femininity are better predictors of strivings and self-concepts in the achievement…

Male and female college students were assessed on measures of ego identity development, intimacy development, and sex role orientation. For both males and females, identity was related to masculinity; also, there were more high-intimacy females than males. This low identity-high intimacy finding in women is discussed with respect to proposed…

Presents findings of an investigation of androgynous behavior across situations and within situations, and differences in sensitivity to traditional sex role stereotypes. All types of men were equally sensitive to stereotypes. Feminine women displayed the strongest gender-schema effects, and androgynous women displayed the least effects. (KH)

With data gathered from 96 female college students, intercorrelations were examined among self-concept ratings and scales from two personality-trait measures of masculinity and femininity. When balanced for the desirability of trait items, personality-trait scores of masculinity and femininity were inversely correlated with each other. (Author/KH)

Examined whether the sex of older siblings influenced the gender role development of 3-year-olds. Found that boys with older brothers and girls with older sisters were more sex-typed than same-sex singletons who, in turn, were more sex-typed than children with other-sex siblings. Having an older brother was associated with more masculine and less…

This paper demonstrates the usefulness of distinguishing various aspects of masculinity and feminity in the study of sex roles among adolescents. Subjects, a national sample of boys and girls aged 12-16, were individually administered direct questions, checklists, rating scales, and symbolic and projective items. Results were as follows: (1) finer…