A study conducted to determine the relationship between maternal employment during childhood, anxiety, and gender among college students shows that female subjects with working mothers expressed significantly more anxiety than did males. (AOS)

The author states that American women have become divided into two groups--those who subscribe to a philosophy of gender differentiation, and those who subscribe to a philosophy of gender irrelevance. She pursues these differing philosophies in light of women's career transitions. (CT)

Traditional Japanese values discourage women from working outside the home. This research describes and compares Japanese men's and women's beliefs regarding employment of women. Questionnaires were distributed to approximately 900 Japanese men and women, and t-tests were used to test for differences between the men's and women's groups. Results…

The purpose of this study was to determine whether maternal employment affects sex role differentiation in preschoolers, and whether this relationship varies as a function of the sex of the child, father's presence or absence, and/or the sex of the child's siblings. Three hundred ninety-eight children (198 females, 200 males), whose mean age was…

Compared marital adjustment of 210 employed wives with no children, infants, and/or preschoolers. Although childless wives reported higher levels of marital adjustment and emotional quality of home environment than did mothers, differences were primarily due to mothers with two children and mothers with male children. (NRB)

Sex differences in absence from work were investigated for parents and non-parents during a period of eleven months. The four categories investigated were forty-nine women and forty-seven men with children and forty-seven women and forty-seven men without children. No significant sex differences in sick leave were revealed by official personnel…

Because female heads of families tend to have less continuity of employment than their male counterparts do, they are twice as likely to face unemployment without unemployment insurance (UI) benefits. If Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC), which is the primary income support program for impoverished single mothers and their children…

Studied the construction of the personal stereotypes of adult and adulthood roles and the influence of gender, maternal employment, and employment goals of 237 adolescents. Exploratory factor analysis indicated a four-factor structure in attitudes toward family and career roles, ideology of fairness, social status, and rational characteristics,…

Previous research has shown that among married couples, housewives experience the highest levels of psychological distress, employed husbands the least, and employed wives experience levels of stress somewhere in between. This study examines whether employed wives' symptomatology can be explained by the extent of their influence within the…

Examined the relationship between a mother's work status and educational level and the sex-role attitudes of her offspring. Results suggested that the association between maternal characteristics and attitudes toward women in the labor force is stronger for males than it is for females. (Author)

Recent Census Bureau statistics indicate that the two-paycheck family is now the norm, even among families with young children. This study examined the effects during their childhood on their own career and family expectations of college students' (N=170) mothers' employment status. Subjects were divided into three groups on the basis of maternal…

Recent research suggests that working men experience as much work-family conflict as women do. More men are doing housework and childcare, and feel that family is as important as their work. An attempt was made to determine how college seniors view their potential for managing work-family conflict. College students (N=324) attending a private…

Traditional ideals discourage Japanese women from working outside the home. This study was conducted to explore generational differences in Japanese attitudes toward women's employment and to interpret those differences in terms of social change. Questionnaires were distributed to approximately 900 Japanese men and women. Subjects were classified…

Research on the relationship between maternal employment and academic orientations of school-aged children is critically reviewed, and avenues for future research are suggested. Most data reviewed are based on white, intact families. Patterns of academic orientation were found to differ by sex and, particularly for sons, by social class. Daughters…

Examined reported amounts of time adolescents (N=52) spent in various types of household work. Findings indicated sex-role stereotyping in adolescents' time use. Females spent more time in housework than males. Found majority of adolescents contributing some time to household work, and discusses related variables. (RC)