This study explores the attribution patterns of undergraduate students for females and males who performed parenting tasks traditionally defined as feminine. A total of 136 men and 136 women were randomly assigned to one of eight conditions and were presented with stories of parent-child interactions which varied in terms of the success or failure…

Male and female students from general psychology classes completed several attitudinal questionnaires, including the Women as Managers Scale and the Attitudes Toward Women Scale. In a later experimental session, subjects viewed a 10-minute video tape that contained either a male or a female directing a mixed sex triad on a dominoes design task.…

Psychosexual personality is not exclusively a postnatal and learned phenomenon. Three biologically-based sex differences can be cited as having promoted status differentiation between males and females. These are (a) greater physical strength of males, (b) greater aggressiveness of males, and (c) child-rearing and nursing roles of females. The…

This study applies the A-B scale to psychotherapists and tests the hypotheses that A's describe themselves as more feminine and less masculine than B's. A's, purportedly more effective with schizophrenics, tend to dislike mechanical-technical activities, while B's, more effective with neurotics, like them. Results show no association between A-B…

To examine relationships between masculinity-femininity, presence of same or opposite sex sibling, and accuracy of cross-sex role-taking, 92 male and female undergraduates classified the 20 items comprising Smith's Masculinity-Femininity Scale according the sex-role characteristics. (Author)

Males' and females' conceptions of ideal men and women in relation to their perceptions of sex-role sterotypes and their self-concepts were investigated. The following hypotheses were supported by the results obtained: (1) ideal males and females are seen as more similar than typical males and females (p<.01); and (2) one's self-concept is closer…

This paper deals with two sets of data-one that fails to find any long-term sex differences in adults, and another which seems to find such differences. The Berkeley Guidance Study offers longitudinal data in which no variables differentiate between the two sexes at all age levels. From these results, the authors conclude that the normal course of…

Hypotheses were confirmed that most boys would resist sex-inappropriate behavior, boys would more often exhibit resistance techniques than girls, and boys would choose sex-appropriate toys for boys more often than for girls. (Authors)

Videotapes of two 17-month old children -- each child sometimes described as a boy and sometimes as a girl -- were shown to 85 adult middle-class subjects, who rated attributes of the children on questionnaires containing sex role items. (Authors/RY)

This article identifies key issues in gender communication including gender as a primary social category; how to best understand gender; the role of gender stereotypes in communication; and socially created gender differences. Ethnographic research methods are seen to be particularly appropriate for investigating gender communication. (DB)

An examination of sex-role attitudes of both sexes revealed the following results. Males and females tend to show the least divergence over (1) macrolevel social change issues and (2) the familial roles of both sexes. They differ most over (3) extrafamilial roles of females and (4) the stereotypes of both sexes. Paper presented at the American…

Research on gender stereotypes has contrasted males with females, describing males by competency traits and females by traits which denote warmth or emotionality. However, it has become clear that these traits do not satisfactorily describe all members of either sex, since not all men possess only masculine characteristics and not all women…

Research supported by Public Health Service Predoctoral Research Fellowship 1-F1-MH-32, 808-01, from the National Institute of Mental Health.