Determines the effects of vocal cues on judgments of dominance in an interpersonal influence context. Indicates that mean amplitude and amplitude standard deviation were positively associated with dominance judgments, whereas speech rate was negatively associated with dominance judgments. Finds that mean fundamental frequency was positively…

Examines how evaluator sex, target responsibility and effort, and advice content influenced evaluations of advice given bluntly, with aggravating facework, or with mitigating facework. Notes advice was described as directed to a student upset about failing an exam. Finds that facework had a substantial main effect on evaluations of advice, with…

Develops questions, hypotheses, and models to test (1) the effect of gender and knowledge of relational stage and relationship type on prediction of next-occurring actions in development of a romance between undergraduate students; and (2) use of compliance-gaining strategies intended to advance a relationship to the next stage. Reveals effects…

Finds: (1) verbal aggressiveness negatively related to satisfaction and trust (supporting the destructiveness of verbal aggression); (2) teasing positively related to verbal aggressiveness; (3) sibling satisfaction positively related to being hurt on receiving verbally aggressive messages; and (4) women were more satisfied and reported using less…

Finds that (1) under certain conditions, females (uninvolved third-party observers) appear to be more sensitive to relational deception than males and report more negative attitudes and perceptions of the deceiver's character, competence, and sociability; and (2) the consequence for the target impacted both observer attitude toward the specific…

Replicates and extends previous diary research on everyday interaction. Attempts to determine how conversational evaluation, nonverbal behavior evaluation, and gender relate to the speech event construct. Confirms (partially) previous findings by Baxter and Goldsmith (1995). Finds few gender effects. Finds nonverbal behavior evaluation to be…

Investigates gender differences and similarities in the perceived social costs and importance of seeking emotional support regarding work-related problems. Finds women perceived such support to be more important than did men. Finds no gender differences regarding perceived social costs associated with seeking support from coworkers. Finds women…

Indicates that couple type was significantly related to communication about marital conflict, but that there were neither any clear overall sex differences in communication nor sex differences within couple types. Also indicates that conflict styles are so strongly reciprocal that mutual influence within conversations tends to remove individual…

A study used a qualitative account analysis of excessively intimate encounters to investigate behaviors commonly described by male and female receivers, cognitive schemata invoked to explain why the intimacy was excessive, and the effect of the excessively intimate episode on the relationship. Subjects, 86 female and 37 male students enrolled in…

Examines how actors' goals, gender, and locus of control affect conflict strategy behaviors. Classifies goals into proactive and reactive categories. Finds that distributive strategies were used more for reactive goals of defending rights and integrative tactics more for the proactive goal of changing relationships. (SR)

To determine the extent to which males and females bring similar or dissimilar attitudes of trust to encounters with members of the same or the opposite sex, a study was conducted that examined attitudes of interpersonal trust according to the subject's perception of the expertness (validity of judgment), reliability, and dynamism of the attitude…

Investigated the effects of subject sex and target sex on reported conflict management styles. Found males more likely than females to use a competing style, while females were more likely than males to use a compromising style. Found all subjects more likely to use an accommodating style with female targets. (SKC)

Indicates that husbands and wives were equally affected by (1) requests with various types of emotional disclosures, and (2) the emotional disclosures of different face-values. Reports that gender did not influence either the objective or subjective effectiveness of a request when it was reasonably appropriate for either males and females to…

Reinvestigated questions raised by Sidney Jourard's early research on self-disclosure. Specifically investigated the effects of gender, target, and topic on several dimensions of self-disclosure. Found little support for Jourard's conclusions. (PD)

Results indicate that subjects chose the moderate disclosing confederate significantly more often than the high or low discloser. Effects due to sex of the subject and the topics employed were negligible. Content of disclosures was varied and did not affect results. (PD)