The role of inhibition as related to sex differences in aggression was investigated using 20 nursery school and 20 second grade children. A dart gun was employed, with choices of four targets--drawings of a boy, a girl, a zebra, and an object. There were three sessions and eight target choices per session. Choice of the human target was assumed to…

Study tests the hypothesis that younger children's self-reinforcing tendencies would be governed by prior social comparison concerning the relative amounts of rewards each received by himself and a peer, while older children will take into account whether any observed discrepancy in rewards received is merited or arbitrary. (Author/CB)

In a 2x4x2 factorial design, the effects of sex of child, grade and reward-deservedness on sharing candies with another child were studied in 160 children between kindergarten and third grade. Although there were no significant main effects, there was a significant interaction for grade X reward deservedness on sharing. (Author/SB)

The purpose of this epidemiological study of psychopathological disorders was to obtain prevalence data on 55 behavior symptoms as they occur in kindergarteners and first and second graders. The behavior symptoms are commonly found in child guidance clinic populations. The population rated in this study was the kindergarten and first and second…

Emphasizes the importance of using children's language patterns to guarantee maximum comprehension for beginning readers and lists other implications of the research. Tables and bibliography. (RW)

This study examined the self-concept of elementary school children enrolled in grades 2, 4, 6, and 8 of schools in the West African country of Gambia. Measures of self-concept in the areas of physical maturity, peer relations, academic success, and school adaptiveness were obtained from 156 students. The mean scores of the students were subjected…

A study examined the effect of gender, age, and cognitive task on three types of reading recall. Subjects, 40 boys and girls in the second grade and 40 in the fifth grade from a suburban Northeast school system, all reading at or above grade level, performed cued or free recall on four high-interest short stories. Reading recall was assessed via…

The effects of introducing a microcomputer into an elementary-school classroom were studied using a naturalistic paradigm. Initial questions investigated the impact of the microcomputer on children's behavior, interactions, and responses to available software; and on the teacher's role. Data were fathered through: weekly observation for 4 months;…

In two studies, second and sixth graders heard descriptions of hypothetical boys and girls who were either aggressive, socially withdrawn, or prosociable. Subjects' memories of items in the descriptions were assessed. Results indicated that school-age and early adolescent children's recall of information about a peer is affected by the peer's…

Subjects (n=180) equally divided by grade (second, fifth, college freshmen) and sex participated in study investigating dimension of outcome expectancy (school achievement, peer relations, teacher relations, personal satisfaction, negative side effects) that clients use in evaluating potential school-based treatment intervention. Outcome…

As part of a Feelin' Good intervention program to improve the physical fitness of children in grades 2 through 4, 603 students were tested for muscle strength and flexibility. Complete pre- and posttest data were obtained from 388 students. Two muscle strength tests and two flexibility tests demonstrated consistent sex differences in performance.…

Examined the accuracy with which parents judged their children's preferences, and the relationship between parental accuracy and children's cognitive performance. Mothers were more accurate than fathers; parents of fifth graders were more accurate than parents of second graders. The accuracy of parents' predictions was related to children's…

This study investigated the effects of intraprogram synopses on children's comprehension of essential and peripheral content of an action-adventure television drama. The impact of these synopses on the comprehension of commercials also was investigated. A total of 30 second graders and 30 fifth graders participated. Synopses were presented to…

The Primary Grade Pupil Report was administered to 162 kindergarten through second-grade students, who rated their teachers according to whether their teacher was like the statement or not. Results indicated that this was a reliable rating form for children of this age. The 12-item scale is included. (GDC)

Second and fifth graders from five sociometric status groups were interviewed for their attributional, emotional, and behavioral responses to hypothetical social encounters with same-sex and same-grade peers with the same sociometric status. Results demonstrate that children's manner of processing social information is a complex phenomenon based…