The role of stimulus preference and various subject and task variables in the solution of matrix-completion problems were examined using children at 4 and 6 years of age. Age, the number of stimulus categories, the type of drawing, and the specific matrix stimulus categories taken individually and in combination were found to have significant…

This follow-up study reports the failure-promotion experience of Kentucky first-graders of 1968-69 and relates their academic success or failure to their ages of entering first grade. The rate of first grade repeaters in Kentucky is disappointingly high and a youngster who attempts first grade twice is not substantially better off than he was the…

The promise of joking riddles as a developmental index of children's humor was investigated through studying the enjoyment and comprehension of riddles and nonriddles by first-, third-, and fifth-grade normal children. Based on previous studies, it was predicted that enjoyment and comprehension of riddles would increase with age and that the…

In a 2x4x2 factorial design, the effects of sex of child, grade and reward-deservedness on sharing candies with another child were studied in 160 children between kindergarten and third grade. Although there were no significant main effects, there was a significant interaction for grade X reward deservedness on sharing. (Author/SB)

Fourth graders were more achievement oriented than first graders and were not influenced by the sex of the experimenter. However, when the first graders were encouraged to achieve, boys responded positively to the male experimenter but negatively to the female experimenter. For the girls, the pattern was reversed. (Author/MV)

The purpose of this epidemiological study of psychopathological disorders was to obtain prevalence data on 55 behavior symptoms as they occur in kindergarteners and first and second graders. The behavior symptoms are commonly found in child guidance clinic populations. The population rated in this study was the kindergarten and first and second…

Investigates the nature of social concept development in young children. A heterogeneous sample of 64 kindergarten and 65 first grade public school students completed an assessment task for both basic concepts and social concepts. Grades, sex, and racial group had significant impact on performance. Important differences in difficulty among social…

During the academic year 1978-79, school teams implemented a newly developed early identification system in all kindergarten and grade one classes in London, Ontario schools. After analysis and revision of the system, the internal consistency and concurrent validity of the process and a test of its short-term predictive validity were investigated.…

Examined whether kindergarten and first-grade children give sex-biased responses if reinforced and/or triggered by language, specifically pronouns, that they hear. Results supported the pronomial dominance theory of pronoun functioning for young children. Results also suggest that boys but not girls use a self-imaging response to neutral…

This study investigated: (1) differences in disciplinary styles of full-time, part-time, and nonemployed mothers of older and younger children; and (2) interactive effects of maternal employment status and disciplinary styles on children's peer status. Participants were 144 mothers of 59 first graders and 85 fourth graders who responded to 6…

This paper presents a study designed to clarify the role of perceptual-attentional factors in the development of conservation, and relates the results to procedures for assessing conservation. Subjects were 192 first and second graders. The number and type of perceptual cues in the conservation of liquid quantity task were systematically varied.…

Thirty classrooms (10 preschool, 10 kindergarten, and 10 first grade) in New York and Chicago were observed in this study of teacher and student verbal behavior. The study investigated the extent to which pupils imitate a rewarding teacher's verbal style when talking among themselves. From the 10 classes at each grade level, the six that showed…

Explores the factors associated with expected outcome of emotional expression and likelihood of expression among 125 first-, fourth-, and sixth-grade children. Results suggest that socialization practices tend to be directed towards the suppression of sadness among males. (RJC)

THE RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN PREREADING MEASURES OF AUDITORY DISCRIMINATION AND READING ACHIEVEMENT AT THE END OF FIRST GRADE ARE REPORTED. DATA WERE GATHERED ON 632 PUPILS IN THE MINNEAPOLIS PUBLIC SCHOOLS WHO WERE ADMINISTERED SEVEN TESTS OF AUDITORY DISCRIMINATION SELECTED FROM PUBLISHED READING READINESS TESTS AND A GROUP INTELLIGENCE TEST AT THE…

Utilizes a sample of 225 first graders and 246 seventh graders to examine the imagery developed in response to neutral words. Finds that the children developed sex-specific masculine imagery in response to neutral messages, with boys doing so more frequently than girls, but the seventh graders used more inclusive imagery than the first graders.…