Children participating as listeners in a referential communication task with an adult speaker were asked to choose one of a set of four pictures on the basis of the speaker's message. Messages were either informative, providing enough information to choose the correct referent, or ambiguous, describing two of the four referents. (Author/JMB)

A sample of 176 students in grades 2-12 were tested for visual acuity as a function of minimally resolvable red, yellow, green, and blue lines. (Author/JMB)

Motivation orientation research consistently finds two factors, Performance and Learning, that overlap substantially with other factors coming from different theoretical perspectives of motivation. Similar to related work in the Big-Five Theory of Personality, researchers posited a Big-Two-Factor Theory of motivation orientation and evaluated the…

The experiment employed four sex-pair combinations, three age groups, and two pretraining manipulations in an effort to evaluate the following predictions with respect to altruism and rivalry: (1) Cooperation pretraining was expected to increase altruism compared with no pretraining, (2) females were expected to be more responsive to the…

Boys and girls in second and fourth grades were presented with a two-choice simultaneous form discrimination. The forms were five or ten-sided and symmetrical or asymmetrical. Boys performed better than girls and older children were more accurate than younger ones. (MS)

Assessed the relative difficulty in the utilization of oddity and matching response strategies in 144 children, ages 5-13 years. A model of matching and oddity problem-solving is presented based on the data collected. (Author/ED)

A study of children's incentive preferences revealed reliable age and sex differences, and significant discrepancies with adults' estimates of what children like. Implications for research with children are discussed. (DP)

Study designed to determine whether behavioral stereotypes are associated with active versus passive names, and also, the age when these stereotypes appear. (Authors/MB)

Results indicate that the performance factors examined do, in part, account for subjects' difficulties on standard Piagetian horizontality and verticality tasks but that they cannot fully account for the overall sex differences. (RH)

Most sociometric research is based on same-age, mixed-gender classroom groups. By contrast, this study examined eight ad hoc play groups of mixed ages (6 and 7 years) and same gender at three levels of social organization: individual status, mutual dyads, and mutual triads. A total of 96 children in groups of 12 nominated three most- and…

Sentence comprehension was examined as a function of speaking rate, sentence difficulty, and listener age and sex. Subjects were 360 normal children aged 5-9. (BRT)

The game of "Simon Says" was played individually with preschool and elementary school students. Errors decreased significantly with grade. (ST)

To ascertain if children assess experiences in terms of stress and if their perceptions generally agree with those of adults, fourth, fifth, and sixth graders rated 20 life events on a 7-point scale. (Author/MP)

Reviewed school records of elementary school students (N=313) to determine effects of age of entry and gender on later academic achievement and grade retention. Twelve students were of legal age for school entry but were redshirted. Found statistically significant but relatively small achievement differences between oldest and youngest children…