Methods for investigating self-esteem may not reveal the factors on which a person's self-esteem rests. Twelve- to fourteen-year-olds identified aspects of the self which were important to them, and evaluated the degree of importance. Results of this study reveal age and gender differences in self-esteem factors. (Author/BL)

Examined sensitivity to an imaginary audience, shyness, group dependence, and self-concept in 328 adolescents. Found that ninth-graders were higher in group dependence and were more sensitive to an imaginary audience than either seventh or eleventh graders. Subjects highly sensitive to imaginary audiences projected shyness, which increased with…

Results showed that by ninth or tenth grade, males begin to externalize conflict while females tend to deal with conflict internally. This differentiation of defense choice by sex is clearly established by the last two years of high school. (JMB)

In recent years notable advances have been made in the classification of child and adolescent psychopathology. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders - III (DSM-III) has introduced a number of new diagnostic categories for child and adolescent disorders, yet little is known about how these new diagnostic categories are actually…

Examined age and gender differences in the quality of sport friendship, noting relationships between friendship quality and motivation-related variables and reexamining the validity of the Sport Friendship Quality Scale (SFQS). Adolescent tennis players completed the SFQS and other measures. Age and gender differences in friendship emerged.…

Secondary school students (n=279) in Hong Kong responded to the Chinese version of the Reasons for Living Inventory. The popular important reasons were those associated with coping beliefs and family concerns, and the reasons regarded to be important by fewer respondents were those associated with fears. (JPS)

Examines the relationship between adolescent gambling with gaming machines and criminal activity, primarily theft, in Plymouth, England. The survey was undertaken by police dealing with juveniles, and of 1,851 reports in 1 year, 3.9% were identified as having some association with gaming machine playing. (JPS)

This study investigated children's reasoning about the relationship between praise and ability in an athletic activity. Three groups of young athletes were studied: boys between the ages of 7 and 11, and girls and boys between the ages of 14 and 18. Children read a scenario in which two athletes achieved the same score in an athletic activity. One…

This document presents a literature review concerning the relationship between family divorce and subsequent adolescent psychological maladjustment. This topic is specifically considered in terms of the relationship between parental divorce and adolescent's gender and age at time of divorce. Additionally, empirical studies are reviewed in terms of…

Erik Erikson concluded that differences in the play constructions of young children are largely determined by psychosexual differences in the subjects and not by cultural influence. He suggested that additional observation of younger and older subjects could determine whether the differences were true for all ages or whether they were restricted…

The reported problems of today's Australian adolescent are identified and described, and the effects of age and sex on these problems are assessed. Relationships between peer acceptance and sex role identity are investigated; whether changes in sex role identity occur during adolescence is discussed. (Author/GK)

Differences in outdoor recreation participation among different sex and age groups within the 11- to 18-year age span suggest that adolescence is not a homogeneous life-cycle stage. (JD)

Examined children's and adolescents' ability to identify male sweat and other odors and their rating of odors for liking. Found that only female adolescents could identify and disliked male sweat. When cued about odor identity, both male and female adolescents disliked male sweat more than children. Concluded that dislike for male sweat odor may…

This study of 150 males and 121 females approximately 16 1/2 years of age explored relations among developmental levels and styles of interpersonal negotiation strategies (INS) and competence in social problem-solving skills. Also assessed relations among levels and styles of INS and self-reported engagement in problem behaviors. (RH)