Finds that women use more justifiers, intensifiers, and agreement, whereas men exhibit more vocalized pauses and also receive more vocalized pauses; conversations of mixed-sex dyads contain more overlaps and, marginally, more interruptions than conversations of same-sex dyads; but that interruptions and overlaps were not performed more frequently…

Finds that women embarrassed men at "coed" wedding and baby showers by teasing and causing them to look unpoised, and that men used avoidance, humor, remediation, and justification strategies. Adds a new strategy, compliance, to previous frameworks to explain males' reaction to embarrassment. Discusses the importance of context and…

Links decoding ability to interpersonal cognitive complexity and to person-centered verbal adaptiveness. Finds females more likely than males to be higher in interpersonal cognitive complexity and person-centered verbal ability, and that the influence of sex washes out the relationship of nonverbal decoding ability and cognitive complexity with…

Investigates the relationship between the argumentativeness scale and judgments of its social desirability. Finds that when the variance in argumentativeness that can be attributed to social desirability is removed, the difference between the sexes diminishes. Analyzes sex differences in social desirability, and concludes that sex differences on…

Investigates whether the obstacles expressed in refusal of a request influence sex differences in persistence after refusal. Examines four responses to rejection: the desire to persist with the request, and the use of persuasion cues, inquiries, and forgiving statements. Suggests that male and female undergraduate students enact similar persistent…

Tests whether a set of nonverbal comforting strategies and their relationships with affective orientation and gender in previous research are generalizable to a broader sample. Concludes gender differences in affective orientation, diversity and number of strategies, and use of specific strategies were supported. Finds that females were more…

Finds that verbal behaviors were more important to the closeness of women's relationships than men's, but that shared activities were not more important to men than to women. Finds that verbal behaviors were also more important to the closeness of friendships than they were to sibling relationships. (SR)

Examines interaction involvement (a fundamental orientation toward the act of communicating) and nonverbal behavior. Finds that involvement relates positively to object-focused gesturing and eye gaze and negatively to body-focused gesturing and body movement. Finds no sex differences in high- and low-involved individuals' nonverbal behavior. (SR)

Reports a secondary data analysis of eight separate studies of cognitive editing, with regard to the question of whether males and females edit their persuasive messages differently. Finds that gender has modest direct effects on endorse-or-suppress decisions. Suggests that gender by situation interactions may have more influence. (SR)

Uses a face-needs model of emotional expressiveness (factors needed to maintain a positive, public self-image) to explain and predict the degree to which an emotion will be expressed or understated. Reports that the preferential hierarchy for disclosing emotions is largely similar regardless of friendship level or gender. (MM)

Examines social perceivers' cognitive processing strategies when formulating deceptive attributions. Finds that deceptive attributions were based on the subject's relationship with the liar (friend or stranger) and the timing of the deceptive encounter (before or after truthful interactions). Notes that women formulated more severe deceptive…