Results suggest that adolescent values can be used to illuminate the facets of social competence in adolescence. Supports Ford's (1982) definition of social competence, which requires that explicit value judgments be made prior to defining social competence for any given group or setting. (RH)

Results from analysis of scores on the Structure of Intellect Gifted Screening Form of approximately 300 gifted students in the fourth, seventh , and tenth grades showed significant differences by sex on 5 variables and by grade on each of the 10 subtests. (Author/DB)

This study of 150 males and 121 females approximately 16 1/2 years of age explored relations among developmental levels and styles of interpersonal negotiation strategies (INS) and competence in social problem-solving skills. Also assessed relations among levels and styles of INS and self-reported engagement in problem behaviors. (RH)

The speechreading performance of 50 adults (ages 20-69) with normal hearing and vision was evaluated. Findings indicated that females showed significantly higher speechreading scores than males, that females improved their performance significantly over the 2 trials (unlike males), and that females in their 30s had the best performance and males…

The present study compares the attributions of young children 5 to 6.5 years of age with those of adult subjects 20 to 30 years of age, who were engaged in the same competitive situation. It was hypothesized that sex differences would occur in the sample of adults but not in the sample of children. Believing outcomes to be determined by either…

Despite the potential importance of delineating the development of alcohol use over the adolescent years, detailed investigations of incremental increases in alcohol use in adolescence are rare. Age- and gender-related differences in frequency, quantity, patterns, and consequences of alcohol use were examined among 1,260 male and 1,338 female…

This study examined the characteristics of the child's social network as it changes within the preschool period. Of particular interest is how the social network changes as the child moves from a more home-centered existence at 3 years to a more school-centered existence at 6 years of age. Also of concern is the effect of sex and socioeconomic…

Young children and adolescents regarded the crossing of stereotyped gender boundaries as more wrong and expressed a greater personal commitment to sex-role regularity than did children in middle childhood. Although young children and adolescents viewed gender differentiations as an aspect of psychological-personal identity, their conceptions of…

Examines several issues concerning Gilligan's and Kohlberg's models of moral orientations and Kohlberg's model of moral stages in a longitudinal study of 233 subjects aged 5 to 63 years. Results revealed few violations of the stage sequence over the two-year longitudinal interval. (RJC)

The quality and stability of sibling relationships during adulthood were assessed by comparing Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) themes of sibling affiliation, conflict, and separation at the periods of active child-rearing (CP) and the empty nest (EN). Thirty men and 30 women, equally divided between the two life stages, were randomly selected…

Although the accuracy of the diagnosis of cognitive impairment in the elderly depends on the appropriateness of the norms for the neuropsychological tests used, the importance of examining health status, native intelligence, and gender when attempting to describe cognitive changes of aging has received little attention. The Rey Auditory Verbal…

Most sociometric research is based on same-age, mixed-gender classroom groups. By contrast, this study examined eight ad hoc play groups of mixed ages (6 and 7 years) and same gender at three levels of social organization: individual status, mutual dyads, and mutual triads. A total of 96 children in groups of 12 nominated three most- and…

The ability of 40 children four and five years of age to discriminate reflections and rotations of visual stimuli was examined in a kinetic imagery task. Results revealed that prediction accuracy was associated with the existence of orientation markers on the stimuli, as well as age, sex, type of discrimination, and several interactions among the…

Responses from 125 Black and 130 White children identified three subdimensions (personality characteristics, affective relations, physical abilities) in an index measuring children's perceptions of aging. Findings indicated that children did not differ significantly by race or age on any of the three dimensions. (NRB)

This study examined differences in literate language use in spoken narratives of 104 children with and 52 children without language impairment across four age levels (6-10). Group membership main effects were statistically significant for conjunctions and elaborated noun phrases with effect sizes ranging from small to moderate. No statistically…