How do children develop associations among number symbols? For Grade 1 children (n = 66, M = 78 months), sequence knowledge (i.e., identify missing numbers) and number comparison (i.e., choose larger number) predicted addition, both concurrently and indirectly at the end of Grade 1. Number ordering (i.e., touch numbers in order) did not predict…

The objective of this study was to confirm the existence of knowledge relating to the cursive writing movement for French pupils in 3rd year of kindergarten, 2nd grade and 5th grade of elementary school. 141 pupils were asked to watch a visual presentation of cursive handwriting to determine whether they were able to detect violations of two rules…

Learning the sequence of number words in English up to 30 is not a simple process. In NSW government schools taking part in "Early Action for Success," over 800 students in each of the first 3 years of school were assessed every 5 weeks over the school year to determine the highest correct oral count they could produce. Rather than…

An invitation to be part of a small research project with science teacher educators focusing on the Australian Curriculum--Science as a Human Endeavour strand provided an opportunity for professional learning in science for an early career teacher working with Year 1-2 students. This article explores how the use of students' photography of local…

Design research studies provide significant opportunities to study new innovations and approaches and how they affect the forms of learning in complex classroom ecologies. This paper reports on a two-week long design research study with twelve 2nd through 4th graders using curricular materials and a tablet-based diagnostic assessment system, both…

During the semester break, 36 second-grade students accessed a set of resources and completed a series of online math activities focused on the application of the model method for arithmetic in two contexts 1) addition/subtraction and 2) multiplication/division. The learning environment first modeled and then supported the use of a scripted series…

In mathematics education, there is a continuing debate about the nature of mathematics, which some claim to be an objective science, whereas others note its socially and individually constructed nature. From a strict cultural-historical perspective, the objective and subjective sides of mathematics are but manifestations of a higher-order…

This publication is designed to extend and strengthen the computational skills and mathematical understandings of children in Grades 2 and 3. It presents an overall scope and detailed sequence for implementation by teachers and supervisors, based on the modern program introduced in pre-kindergarten, kindergarten and first grade classes. The scope…

A lexicon of approximately 9,000 words classified into levels from kindergarten to grade 3 was compiled as a base for studying the spelling-to-sound correspondences needed in beginning reading. The spelling-to-sound correspondences were established for 69 grapheme units, resulting in a total of 166 correspondences for the one- and Two-syllable…

Part of the paper was presented at the Annual International Convention of the Council for Exceptional Children (47th, Denver, Colorado, 1969). (CD)

An analysis was made of the data from a single criterion-referenced test which was constructed to measure a hierarchy of skills in listening and reading comprehension and which was administered to 1,186 subjects in grades 2, 5, 8, and 11. The research was concerned with the applicability of a hierarchically ordered achievement test to the…

THIS WORKING PAPER IS CONCERNED WITH THE DEVELOPMENT OF SEQUENTIALLY SCALED TESTS FOR STUDENTS RECEIVING INDIVIDUALIZED INSTRUCTION. THESE TESTS WERE DESIGNED TO INDICATE MASTERY OF DESIRED BEHAVIORS RATHER THAN TO DISCRIMINATE AMONG INDIVIDUALS. OBJECTIVES WERE IDENTIFIED AND ARRANGED SEQUENTIALLY. TESTS WERE GIVEN TO KINDERGARTEN, FIRST-GRADE…

The materials in this teaching unit are designed to improve the skills of second grade students in following directions, understanding and following a sequence of actions, and recognizing common word structures (compound words, prefixes, and suffixes). Each section of the unit contains a brief overview of the skill area, a list of performance…

Recent research has shown that when individuals hear an impoverished, atypical, or disorganized story and are asked to recall it, they can and do produce a canonical version of it. To determine if this "strategic" manipulation of story structure undergoes developmental changes, two experiments were conducted using second and sixth grade children…

To address the notion that the cognitive level of young children influences their ability to recall the logical sequence found in stories, four modes of language--story generation, retelling, dictation, and writing--were collected for three weeks from 35 second grade children. Through prior testing with the Goldschmid-Bentler Concept Assessment…