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Showing 61 to 75 of 188 results Save | Export
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Kiran, Swathi; Sandberg, Chaleece; Sebastian, Rajani – Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 2011
Purpose: Kiran and colleagues (Kiran, 2007, 2008; Kiran & Johnson, 2008; Kiran & Thompson, 2003) previously suggested that training atypical examples within a semantic category is a more efficient treatment approach to facilitating generalization within the category than training typical examples. In the present study, the authors extended…
Descriptors: Aphasia, Adults, Classification, Semantics
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Hoffman, Paul; Rogers, Timothy T.; Lambon Ralph, Matthew A. – Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 2011
Word frequency is a powerful predictor of language processing efficiency in healthy individuals and in computational models. Puzzlingly, frequency effects are often absent in stroke aphasia, challenging the assumption that word frequency influences the behavior of any computational system. To address this conundrum, we investigated divergent…
Descriptors: Semantics, Aphasia, Dementia, Patients
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Barwood, Caroline H. S.; Murdoch, Bruce E.; Whelan, Brooke-Mai; Lloyd, David; Riek, Stephan; O'Sullivan, John D.; Coulthard, Alan; Wong, Andrew – Brain and Language, 2011
Low frequency Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) has previously been applied to language homologues in non-fluent populations of persons with aphasia yielding significant improvements in behavioral language function up to 43 months post stimulation. The present study aimed to investigate the electrophysiological correlates…
Descriptors: Control Groups, Stimulation, Semantics, Aphasia
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Hashimoto, Naomi – Clinical Linguistics & Phonetics, 2012
The aim of the study was to compare approaches highlighting either semantic or phonological features to treat naming deficits in aphasia. Treatment focused on improving picture naming. An alternating treatments design was used with a multiple baseline design across stimuli to examine effects of both approaches in two participants with varying…
Descriptors: Evidence, Cues, Semantics, Aphasia
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Almaghyuli, Azizah; Thompson, Hannah; Lambon Ralph, Matthew A.; Jefferies, Elizabeth – Neuropsychologia, 2012
Patients with multimodal semantic impairment following stroke (referred to here as "semantic aphasia" or SA) fail to show the standard effects of frequency in comprehension tasks. Instead, they show absent or even "reverse" frequency effects: i.e., better understanding of less common words. In addition, SA is associated with poor regulatory…
Descriptors: Evidence, Semantics, Aphasia, Patients
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Henry, Maya L.; Beeson, Pelagie M.; Alexander, Gene E.; Rapcsak, Steven Z. – Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 2012
Connectionist theories of language propose that written language deficits arise as a result of damage to semantic and phonological systems that also support spoken language production and comprehension, a view referred to as the "primary systems" hypothesis. The objective of the current study was to evaluate the primary systems account in a mixed…
Descriptors: Science Education, Cognitive Development, Oral Language, Investigations
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Robson, Holly; Sage, Karen; Lambon Ralph, Matthew A. – Neuropsychologia, 2012
Wernicke's aphasia (WA) is the classical neurological model of comprehension impairment and, as a result, the posterior temporal lobe is assumed to be critical to semantic cognition. This conclusion is potentially confused by (a) the existence of patient groups with semantic impairment following damage to other brain regions (semantic dementia and…
Descriptors: Semantics, Dementia, Aphasia, Cognitive Processes
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Gow, David W., Jr. – Brain and Language, 2012
Current accounts of spoken language assume the existence of a lexicon where wordforms are stored and interact during spoken language perception, understanding and production. Despite the theoretical importance of the wordform lexicon, the exact localization and function of the lexicon in the broader context of language use is not well understood.…
Descriptors: Evidence, Speech, Phonetics, Semantics
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Robson, Holly; Keidel, James L.; Lambon Ralph, Matthew A.; Sage, Karen – Neuropsychologia, 2012
Wernicke's aphasia is a condition which results in severely disrupted language comprehension following a lesion to the left temporo-parietal region. A phonological analysis deficit has traditionally been held to be at the root of the comprehension impairment in Wernicke's aphasia, a view consistent with current functional neuroimaging which finds…
Descriptors: Evidence, Listening Comprehension, Speech Impairments, Semantics
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Westermann, Gert; Ruh, Nicolas – Psychological Review, 2012
We present a neural network model of learning and processing the English past tense that is based on the notion that experience-dependent cortical development is a core aspect of cognitive development. During learning the model adds and removes units and connections to develop a task-specific final architecture. The model provides an integrated…
Descriptors: Learning Problems, Semantics, Brain Hemisphere Functions, Aphasia
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Faroqi-Shah, Yasmeen; Graham, Lauren E. – Clinical Linguistics & Phonetics, 2011
Verb retrieval difficulties are common in aphasia; however, few successful treatments have been documented (e.g. Conroy, P., Sage, K., & Lambon Ralph, M. A. (2006). Towards theory-driven therapies for aphasic verb impairments: A review of current theory and practice. "Aphasiology", 20, 1159-1185). This study investigated the efficacy of a novel…
Descriptors: Semantics, Verbs, Aphasia, Error Patterns
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Kiran, Swathi; Grasemann, Uli; Sandberg, Chaleece; Miikkulainen, Risto – Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 2013
Current research on bilingual aphasia highlights the paucity in recommendations for optimal rehabilitation for bilingual aphasic patients (Edmonds & Kiran, 2006; Roberts & Kiran, 2007). In this paper, we have developed a computational model to simulate an English-Spanish bilingual language system in which language representations can vary by age…
Descriptors: Semantics, Aphasia, Language Acquisition, Bilingualism
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Knels, Christina; Danek, Adrian – Brain and Language, 2010
This article provides a detailed assessment of patient HT with a history of progressive language deterioration of approximately 6 years presenting now as a fluent jargon aphasic with severe impairment of both speech production and comprehension. Neuropsychological testing of non-verbal cognitive functions showed no impairment, leading to the…
Descriptors: Speech, Semantics, Dementia, Aphasia
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Cano, Agnes; Hernandez, Mireia; Ivanova, Iva; Juncadella, Montserrat; Gascon-Bayarri, Jordi; Rene, Ramon; Costa, Albert – Brain and Language, 2010
We report the naming performance of a Spanish patient (AQF) suffering from Primary Progressive Aphasia (PPA). AQF's performance revealed a grammatical category-specific deficit, with poorer performance in verb than in noun naming. Furthermore, this dissociation was only present in written naming. Importantly, the patient's dissociation between…
Descriptors: Semantics, Verbs, Grammar, Nouns
Lee, Jiyeon – ProQuest LLC, 2011
Producing a sentence involves encoding a preverbal message into a grammatical structure by retrieving lexical items and integrating them into a functional (semantic-to-grammatical) structure. Individuals with agrammatism are impaired in this grammatical encoding process. However, it is unclear what aspect of grammatical encoding is impaired and…
Descriptors: Grammar, Linguistics, Semantics, Priming
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