The concept of translanguaging is one of the most successful ones in the recent history of multilingualism research. But what does it really mean? It covers such a wide semantic field that users seem to be free to decide its meaning in whatever way they wish. A key uniting idea of the different approaches is that teachers should 'draw upon' the…

Data in the Survey of English Usage are useful not only for frequency counts but also usage information not normally obtained from introspective analyses of self-made examples or from study of existing grammars or handbooks. Some of these findings are relevant to ESL teaching or syllabus writing. Examples are given. (MSE)