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Bülbül, Alpay; Akyol, Gamze – African Educational Research Journal, 2020
The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of self-talk on motivation and performance of individuals by different variants. The sample of the research consisted of 233 athletes in total, 113 are women and 120 are men living in 30 different provinces in Turkey and interested in different branches in 2020. The 'self-talk scale', developed by…
Descriptors: Self Motivation, Inner Speech (Subvocal), Athletes, Performance Factors

Midgley, Carol; Urdan, Tim – Journal of Early Adolescence, 1995
By procrastinating, allowing others to keep them from studying, deliberately not trying, and using other "self-handicapping" strategies, students can convey that those circumstances, rather than lack of ability, are the reasons for subsequent poor performance. Survey data from 256 eighth-grade students indicated that boys use those strategies more…
Descriptors: Achievement, Adolescents, Fear of Success, Grade 8