The number of students enrolled in higher education outside their countries of origin increased from 0.8 million in 1975, to 2.1 million in 2000, and to 3.7 million in 2009 (Ryan, 2012). This growing trend of student mobility leads to increased university competition for students around the globe. However, little is known about the experiences of…

Presents counseling goals in a developmental continuum similar in concept to Maslow's hierarchy of needs. Discusses ego development goals, socialization goals, developmental goals, self-esteem goals, and self-realization goals and describes characteristics and implications of the continuum. (JAC)

For more than a quarter of a century self-esteem increasingly has been viewed as the magic key to success and happiness. Earned self-esteem is based on learning to tolerate frustration and delay, to care for others, to work hard, and to persevere in the face of obstacles. These tasks of developing relationships and competencies enable one to…

With Maslow's hierarchy as a basis, the model provides structure for setting goals in counseling cases and overall programs. Different kinds of client concerns are identified, and suggestions are made for using these 14 categories. The article includes specific suggestions for using the model in diagnosis, evaluation, counselor education, and…

Vroom's cognitive model, which proposes to both explain and predict an individual's level of work productivity by drawing on the construct motivation, is discussed and three hypotheses generated: (1) that Vroom's model does predict performance in a non-industrial setting; (2) that it predicts self-perceived performance better than measures…

An activity called "validationgram" derived from Ishiyama's model of self-validation is described. It is a visual activity of mapping sources of validation in four domains: relationships, activities, things, and places. It is proposed that validationgram is useful in exploring client's world of meanings, feelings, and values. (JBJ)

Examines self-assessment as a personality structure that changes in its development as individuals mature. Explains prognosticative, actual (or correcting), and retrospective self-assessment. Develops a structural-dynamic explanatory model, characterizing self-assessment as a systemic formation. Relates self-evaluation to achievement, volitional…

Noting that healthy adult-youth relationships are more critical today than in the past because of the complexity of the times and the diminished availability of parents and family networks of support, this paper focuses on those dimensions of the adult-youth relationship that foster healthy development and academic success in all youth, including…

Discusses the nature of cultural dislocation in terms of self-validation issues, cultural conflicts, and cultural attachment. Presents cultural conflict model, which incorporates two cultural conflict dimensions. Explores counselor role as client-validator and help-seeking issues, with practical suggestions for increasing helper sensitivity in…

The project's goal was to enhance the outside evaluation of the Opportunities Industrialization Center's Career Intern Program (CIP) with supplementary, criterion-referenced assessment measures identified through a literature review and an analysis of CIP's goals. The review (presented separately) referred to over 100 programs of dropout…