The authors use Franklin's Invisibility Syndrome Paradigm to deconstruct prior experiences in U.S. classrooms, with the goal of understanding how those experiences contributed to their persistence as Black women doctoral students. Findings reveal that a master narrative rooted in racist and sexist ideology was enacted in the classroom and reified…

A male student analyzes high school teachers' sexist behavior toward female students. Many females learn to accept poor treatment as a fact of life and don't file complaints. Many women lose self-confidence due to discrimination, but a few appear to be strengthened by it. The author suggests that fighting for justice is the only way to change…