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Guthrie, John T.; Coddington, Cassandra S.; Wigfield, Allan – Journal of Literacy Research, 2009
Previous research has investigated motivations for reading by examining positive or affirming motivations, including intrinsic motivation and self-efficacy. Related to them, we examined two negative, or undermining, motivations consisting of avoidance and perceived difficulty. We proposed that the motivations of intrinsic motivation and avoidance…
Descriptors: Reading Motivation, African American Students, White Students, Self Motivation