One of the key reasons that multimedia, and particularly hypertext systems, are gaining in importance is that they inspire hopes of optimizing learners' processes of knowledge construction. The present study is concerned with the respective influence of individual learner variables (i.e. particularly domain-specific prior knowledge) on the use of…

The ready-to-use teacher notes and classroom activities included in this booklet are intended to foster information-gathering and self-awareness in junior high school students. While emphasis is placed on decision-making, these activities are intended to create an atmosphere of career exploration rather than commitment to occupational choices. The…

Some educational practices have contributed to the apathy of students. These include a perceptual view of behavior, the view that self-worth equals achievement, norm-referenced evaluation, and success as ability and effort. Four strategies which have the potential for allowing students to experience success from reasonable levels of effort…

Play and games are thought to have a vital role in the socialization process. This study explores the impact of differences in socialization via game experience according to sex. Children in the sixth grade of a racially-integrated rural school in Maryland were surveyed with regard to their participation in four types of games: (1) individual, (2)…

To test the hypothesis that experimentally-induced success and failure experiences would differentially affect mentally retarded and normal children, 24 educable mentally retarded children and their matched mental age (MA) and chronological age (CA) controls were given six trials on a verbal 5-item vocabulary task. The subjects (Ss) were given, in…

Analysis of data collected from ninth and twelfth grade boys and their parents investigates whether parent-child agreement on goals reflects parental influence. The analysis leads to the following conclusions: (1) parent-child agreement cannot be viewed as a wholly spurious basis for imputing influence; (2) agreement measures based on the child's…

This research essentially presents an overview, historically and contemporarily, of the social-psychological concept of the reference group (or "other"), including theoretical and empirical literature reviews. Basic problems of definition and conceptual confusion are discussed. Concepts such as relative deprivation, anticipatory socialization,…

In this experimental program the client is involved directly from the initial interview. The intention of the program is to give the disabled a more autonomous role by sharing common successes, problems and failures in group discussions with other disabled persons. Budgeting, child care, and nutrition are included in the academic program which…

Discusses research at Felician College which documents personality changes in the contemporary female, and especially in the married woman, who is found to be more achievement and politically oriented, with higher aspirations, seeking change, less deterred by failures, and more self-assertive. Implications for counseling staff are discussed.…

Studies regarding status aspirations among Mexican-American youth have presumed that life goals are integrated and congruent. An alternative line of inquiry is suggested which questions these assumptions and specifies types of conflicts that may arise among occupational, educational, and familial orientations. (Author)

An examination of the values upon which educational decisions are made will enable a teacher to define and keep in mind the desirable goals to be achieved by classroom instruction. (JD)

The preference of 30 students for 4 seating positions in counseling, formal, home, and 2 social situations and the preferred distance between chairs in the various seating positions were investigated. Relationships between these preferences and personality variables also were investigated. Results showed preference for different seating positions…

Tested on preschoolers a goal-confidence model for older children that predicts achievement behavior during failure. Found that individual differences in achievement goals emerge very early. Children appeared to have developed a mechanism for selecting learning opportunities prior to formal school experience. (AA)