Based on the theory that performance success will equate positively with a feeling of achieved status, this study investigated the effects of achieved status in relation to personal space. It was hypothesized that a person with high achieved status would, given the opportunity, place himself in a position of prominence, and maintain more personal…

Sixth-graders learning disabled in mathematics (N=30) received subtraction training that included instruction and practice opportunities. Some children set proximal performance goals, others had comparable proximal goals assigned, and some received training without goals. Participation in goal setting led to the highest self-efficacy and…

An alternative to the traditional orientation program was developed that forced students to consider their physical and psychological outer limits. Students were confronted in a new and unique way that contributed to the self actualization process of the female portion of the group. (Author/BY)

Describes how adults can use children's autobiographical photographs to understand the children's views of themselves and their relationships with persons, objects, and their environment. Includes an example of the use of auto-photography and nine photographs taken by Federico, a 12-year-old Mexican boy. (Author/RH)

Rogers proposes that counselors give away their personal power in order to empower their clients, a political approach which is traditionally feminine. Presently, however, women counselors may have more difficulty than men counselors in relinquishing their newly acquired and hard-won personal power. (Author)

Reviews socio-psychological theories regarding human motivation in adventure education. A synthesis of these theories produces a model of participant behavior based on combinations of varying degrees of perceived risk and competence, and resulting outcomes. Includes suggestions for modifying experiences so that all participants can achieve…

Undergraduate students (n=178) from a variety of academic disciplines completed the Inviting-Disinviting Index (IDI) to measure the degree of inviting and disinviting behavior addressed to oneself and others. The hypothesis that people tend to be more disinviting to themselves than they are to others was supported. (JPS)

Using a sample of 59 college women (26 athletes and 33 non-athletes), examined whether women higher in identity achievement would describe more mature life plans, ones with greater complexity and stronger commitment to life goals. For athletes, identity achievement was positively associated with life plan commitment, while identity achievement and…

Background: There is evidence that an entity view of ability (where ability is viewed as a fixed entity that cannot be changed) is linked with social comparison goals and poor performance. On the other hand, an incremental view of ability (where ability is viewed as an acquirable skill) is linked with a mastery goal orientation and positive…

Two models of heterosexual identity development are discussed. The models were developed for different reasons and thus represent different ways of conceptualizing heterosexual identity development. The strengths and weaknesses of each model are presented and the two models are compared and contrasted. Apart from the models themselves, these two…

This study extends research on objectification theory as it applies to eating disorder symptomatology by examining whether its tenets generalize to women identifying as lesbian. Lesbian women (N = 181) and a comparison sample of heterosexual women (N = 196) completed measures of objectification theory constructs (interpersonal sexual…

Background: A school-wide program known as Positive Behaviour for Learning (PBL) that systematically reinforces positive behaviours in schools based on the USA model of Positive Behavioral Interventions and Supports (PBIS) but also emphasizes learning processes and outcomes was implemented in the Western Sydney Region (WSR) of Australia. Aim: The…

Results indicated that it is possible to distinguish children on predispositions such as social and task orientation and self-assurance sufficiently well to predict their behavior in certain specific situations. (Authors)

Social comparative information and proximal goals' influence on skillful performance and percepts of self-efficacy were examined in low-achieving children in arithmetic. A significant main effect on perceived efficacy due to proximal goals was found. Problem-solving goals and comparative information treatments together resulted in the highest…